Elevated pre-activation basal level of nuclear NF-κB in native macrophages accelerates LPS-induced translocation of cytosolic NF-κB into the cell nucleus.

Signaling via Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in macrophages constitutes an essential part of the innate immune response to bacterial infections. Detailed and quantified descriptions of TLR4 signal transduction would help to understand and exploit the first-line response of innate immune defense. To date, most mathematical modelling studies were performed on transformed cell lines.

Calpain-controlled detachment of major glycoproteins from the cytoskeleton regulates adhesive properties of activated phosphatidylserine-positive platelets.

In resting platelets, adhesive membrane glycoproteins are attached to the cytoskeleton. On strong activation, phosphatidylserine(PS)-positive and -negative platelet subpopulations are formed. Platelet activation is accompanied by cytoskeletal rearrangement, although the glycoprotein attachment status in these two subpopulations is not clear.