Rat Models in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Research: Strengths, Limitations, and Implications for Translational Studies.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a multifaceted psychiatric disorder triggered by traumatic events, leading to prolonged psychological distress and varied symptoms. Rat models have been extensively used to explore the biological, behavioral, and neurochemical underpinnings of PTSD. This review critically examines the strengths and limitations of commonly used rat models, such as single prolonged stress (SPS), stress-re-stress (S-R), and predator-based paradigms, in replicating human PTSD pathology.

Neuroimmune Interactions in Stress and Depression: Exploring the Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms within the Neuroinflammation-depression Nexus.

Background: The escalating global burden of stress and depression underscores an urgent need to unravel their complex interrelationships and underlying mechanisms. This investigation delves into the intricate dynamics between stress and depression, spotlighting the Neuroimmunoinflammatory Stress Model (NIIS), which elucidates the pivotal role of cellular and molecular pathways in mediating these conditions.

Methods: Through an exhaustive review of literature spanning epidemiology, neurobiology, and psychoneuroimmunology, this study synthesizes the current understanding of stress and depression.

Evaluation of General Anesthesia and Sedation and Follow-Up Compliance in Pediatric Dental Procedures: A Comprehensive Analysis of Long-Term Outcomes and Gender Differences.

This retrospective study evaluated the effectiveness of different types of general anesthesia (GA) and sedation in pediatric dental procedures, focusing on treatment outcomes and follow-up compliance with an emphasis on gender differences. Clinical records of 1582 pediatric patients, aged 0-18 years, were analyzed to examine the distribution, duration and impact of anesthesia types on dental procedure complexity. The study population was divided into three age groups: 0-6, 7-12 and 13-18 years.

Aloperine Suppresses Cancer Progression by Interacting with VPS4A to Inhibit Autophagosome-lysosome Fusion in NSCLC.

Aloperine (ALO), a quinolizidine-type alkaloid isolated from a natural Chinese herb, has shown promising antitumor effects. Nevertheless, its common mechanism of action and specific target remain elusive. Here, it is demonstrated that ALO inhibits the proliferation and migration of non-small cell lung cancer cell lines in vitro and the tumor development in several mouse tumor models in vivo.

Exploring the Pathophysiology of Long COVID: The Central Role of Low-Grade Inflammation and Multisystem Involvement.

Long COVID (LC), also referred to as Post COVID-19 Condition, Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection (PASC), and other terms, represents a complex multisystem disease persisting after the acute phase of COVID-19. Characterized by a myriad of symptoms across different organ systems, LC presents significant diagnostic and management challenges. Central to the disorder is the role of low-grade inflammation, a non-classical inflammatory response that contributes to the chronicity and diversity of symptoms observed.

Wireless EEG Recording of Audiogenic Seizure Activity in Freely Moving Krushinsky-Molodkina Rats.

This study investigates audiogenic epilepsy in Krushinsky-Molodkina (KM) rats, questioning the efficacy of conventional EEG techniques in capturing seizures during animal restraint. Using a wireless EEG system that allows unrestricted movement, our aim was to gather ecologically valid data. Nine male KM rats, prone to audiogenic seizures, received implants of wireless EEG transmitters that target specific seizure-related brain regions.

Single-cell profile reveals the landscape of cardiac immunity and identifies a cardio-protective Ym-1 neutrophil in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) is a major hindrance to the success of cardiac reperfusion therapy. Although increased neutrophil infiltration is a hallmark of MIRI, the subtypes and alterations of neutrophils in this process remain unclear. Here, we performed single-cell sequencing of cardiac CD45 cells isolated from the murine myocardium subjected to MIRI at six-time points.

Interplay of G-proteins and Serotonin in the Neuroimmunoinflammatory Model of Chronic Stress and Depression: A Narrative Review.

Introduction: This narrative review addresses the clinical challenges in stress-related disorders such as depression, focusing on the interplay between neuron-specific and pro-inflammatory mechanisms at the cellular, cerebral, and systemic levels.

Objective: We aim to elucidate the molecular mechanisms linking chronic psychological stress with low-grade neuroinflammation in key brain regions, particularly focusing on the roles of G proteins and serotonin (5-HT) receptors.

Methods: This comprehensive review of the literature employs systematic, narrative, and scoping review methodologies, combined with systemic approaches to general pathology.

Computational Analysis of CD46 Protein Interaction with SARS-CoV-2 Structural Proteins: Elucidating a Putative Viral Entry Mechanism into Human Cells.

This study examines an unexplored aspect of SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells, which is widely understood to occur via the viral spike (S) protein's interaction with human ACE2-associated proteins. While vaccines and inhibitors targeting this mechanism are in use, they may not offer complete protection against reinfection. Hence, we investigate putative receptors and their cofactors.

Early-life maternal deprivation in rats increases sensitivity to the subsequent stressors: a pilot study.

Early life experiences, particularly maternal deprivation (MD), have long-lasting implications on emotional and cognitive development. Using Wistar rats as a model, this study explores the impact of MD followed by predator stress exposure (PSS) to simulate aspects of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A cohort of 41 male rat pups underwent MD from postnatal days 2 to 14, followed by PSS at day 90.

JAK-STAT signaling in inflammation and stress-related diseases: implications for therapeutic interventions.

The Janus kinase-signal transducer and transcription activator pathway (JAK-STAT) serves as a cornerstone in cellular signaling, regulating physiological and pathological processes such as inflammation and stress. Dysregulation in this pathway can lead to severe immunodeficiencies and malignancies, and its role extends to neurotransduction and pro-inflammatory signaling mechanisms. Although JAK inhibitors (Jakinibs) have successfully treated immunological and inflammatory disorders, their application has generally been limited to diseases with similar pathogenic features.

Sequence Variation of Candida albicans Sap2 Enhances Fungal Pathogenicity via Complement Evasion and Macrophage M2-Like Phenotype Induction.

Candida albicans (C. albicans) is an opportunistic pathogen increasingly causing candidiasis worldwide. This study aims to investigate the pattern of systemic immune responses triggered by C.

Atherosclerosis and Inflammation: Insights from the Theory of General Pathological Processes.

Recent advances have greatly improved our understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind atherosclerosis pathogenesis. However, there is still a need to systematize this data from a general pathology perspective, particularly with regard to atherogenesis patterns in the context of both canonical and non-classical inflammation types. In this review, we analyze various typical phenomena and outcomes of cellular pro-inflammatory stress in atherosclerosis, as well as the role of endothelial dysfunction in local and systemic manifestations of low-grade inflammation.

Timosaponin AIII promotes non-small-cell lung cancer ferroptosis through targeting and facilitating HSP90 mediated GPX4 ubiquitination and degradation.

Timosaponin AIII (Tim-AIII), a steroid saponin, exhibits strong anticancer activity in a variety of cancers, especially breast cancer and liver cancer. However, the underlying mechanism of the effects of Tim-AIII-mediated anti-lung cancer effects remain obscure. In this study, we showed that Tim-AIII suppressed cell proliferation and migration, induced G2/M phase arrest and ultimately triggered cell death of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines accompanied by the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and iron accumulation, malondialdehyde (MDA) production, and glutathione (GSH) depletion.

Shock-Associated Systemic Inflammation in Amniotic Fluid Embolism, Complicated by Clinical Death.

Background: Amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) is one of the main causes of maternal mortality in developed countries. The most critical AFE variants may be considered from the perspective of systemic inflammation (SI), a general pathological process that includes high levels of systemic inflammatory response, neuroendocrine system distress, microthrombosis, and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). This research work aimed to characterize the dynamics of super-acute SI using four clinical case studies of patients with critical AFE.

Multifaceted functions of STING in human health and disease: from molecular mechanism to targeted strategy.

Since the discovery of Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) as an important pivot for cytosolic DNA sensation and interferon (IFN) induction, intensive efforts have been endeavored to clarify the molecular mechanism of its activation, its physiological function as a ubiquitously expressed protein, and to explore its potential as a therapeutic target in a wide range of immune-related diseases. With its orthodox ligand 2'3'-cyclic GMP-AMP (2'3'-cGAMP) and the upstream sensor 2'3'-cGAMP synthase (cGAS) to be found, STING acquires its central functionality in the best-studied signaling cascade, namely the cGAS-STING-IFN pathway. However, recently updated research through structural research, genetic screening, and biochemical assay greatly extends the current knowledge of STING biology.

Stem cells and cardiac arrhythmias.

Recent discoveries in the physiology and pathology of myocardial progenitor cells have allowed researchers to better understand a variety of cardiac pathologies and look at the pathophysiology of arrhythmias from a different perspective. Since the myocardium is composed of a syncytium of electrically interconnected cells, the process of incorporation of newly formed or imported cells into its structure is particularly important. Progenitor cells are stimulated by spontaneous electrical activity, a lengthy action potential, and easily induced triggering activity.

The Healing Environment of Dental Clinics through the Eyes of Patients and Healthcare Professionals: A Pilot Study.

The physical environment of healthcare settings can promote both the healing process and patient feelings of well-being, as well as instill positive emotions in employees. The present study aimed to evaluate the dental work environment of a typical private and public dental clinic to identify key parameters that determine the perception of health facilities by patients and employees. The study was carried out from 1 to 20 December 2021, in two dental clinics in Ekaterinburg (Russian Federation) using 'ASPECT'.

Taraxasterol Inhibits Tumor Growth by Inducing Apoptosis and Modulating the Tumor Microenvironment in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Taraxasterol (TAX), one of the active components in Dandelion, demonstrated strong antitumor properties in several cancers. However, the effect and underlying mechanism of TAX in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is unclear. In this study, we showed that TAX inhibited the proliferation of cells by inducing S-phase cell cycle arrest and prevented cell migration by interfering epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in Lewis lung cancer (LLC) cells and lung carcinoma SPC-A1 cells.

Berberine plays a cardioprotective role by inhibiting macrophage Wnt5a/β-catenin pathway in the myocardium of mice after myocardial infarction.

Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the diseases with high fatality rate. Berberine (BBR) is a monomer compound with various biological functions. And some studies have confirmed that BBR plays an important role in alleviating cardiomyocyte injury after MI.

Big Five Traits as Predictors of a Healthy Lifestyle during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results of a Russian Cross-Sectional Study.

The healthy lifestyle of people around the world has changed dramatically during the COVID-19 pandemic. The personality risk factors for these processes from around the world remain understudied. This study aimed to examine the associations of the Big Five traits with a healthy lifestyle during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Beneficial Effects of Celastrol on Immune Balance by Modulating Gut Microbiota in Experimental Ulcerative Colitis Mice.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease caused by many factors including colonic inflammation and microbiota dysbiosis. Previous studies have indicated that celastrol (CSR) has strong anti-inflammatory and immune-inhibitory effects. Here, we investigated the effects of CSR on colonic inflammation and mucosal immunity in an experimental colitis model, and addressed the mechanism by which CSR exerts the protective effects.

The Link between Activities of Hepatic 11beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase-1 and Monoamine Oxidase-A in the Brain Following Repeated Predator Stress: Focus on Heightened Anxiety.

We investigated the presence of a molecular pathway from hepatic 11-βHSD-1 to brain MAO-A in the dynamics of plasma corticosterone involvement in anxiety development. During 14 days following repeated exposure of rats to predator scent stress for 10 days, the following variables were measured: hepatic 11-βHSD-1 and brain MAO-A activities, brain norepinephrine, plasma corticosterone concentrations, and anxiety, as reflected by performance on an elevated plus maze. Anxiety briefly decreased and then increased after stress exposure.