Diverse new taxa of the enigmatic family Permotanyderidae (Insecta: Mecoptera), with notes on the phylogeny of Aneuretopsychina (long-proboscid scorpionflies).

Remarkable new finds of Permotanyderidae, an enigmatic "Diptera-like" mecopteran family hitherto known only from the Upper Permian of Australia, are described from the Upper Permian and transitional Permian-Triassic beds in Russia (northern European Russia, southern Urals, and the Tunguska and Kuznetsk Basins). The new taxa are Permotanyderus sibiricus sp. nov.

Mouthpart homologies and life habits of Mesozoic long-proboscid scorpionflies.

Mesozoic long-proboscid scorpionflies (Mesopsychoidea) provide important clues to ancient plant-pollinator interactions. Among them, the family Aneuretopsychidae is especially important because its mouthparts are vital to deciphering the early evolution of Mesopsychoidea and putatively the origin of fleas (Siphonaptera). However, the identification of mouthpart homologs among Aneuretopsychidae remains controversial because of the lack of three-dimensional anatomical data.