Automated Volumetric Analysis of Postoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Predicts Survival in Patients with Glioblastoma.

Background: Glioblastomas (GBMs) are primary brain tumors that are very difficult to treat. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the reference tool for diagnosis, postoperative control, and follow-up of GBM. The MRI tumor contrast enhancement part serves as a target for surgery.

New Software for Preoperative Diagnostics of Meningeal Tumor Histologic Types.

Objective: Meningeal tumors are neoplasms with different histologic manifestations of both benign and malignant types that determine the prognosis of tumor recurrence and its consistency. The risk of surgical treatment depends on the location, size, and consistency of the tumor. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences can be used to identify the features of tumors, but these MRI characteristics are not well understood.

Scythian trepanations in the Gorny Altai in Hippocratic times: modern expert appraisal of ancient surgical technologies.

Objective: To report the analysis of 3 cases of ancient trepanation discovered in the craniological collection (153 skulls) of the Pazyryk nomadic culture (500-300 bc) from the Gorny Altai, Russia, and to evaluate the technique, instrumentation, and materials used for cranial surgery as well as the motivation for the trepanations in Scythian times.

Methods: A multidisciplinary approach was chosen to study the trepanned skulls. Visual inspection and examination under magnification, multislice computed tomography, high-field magnetic resonance imaging, and coupled plasma mass spectrometry and synchrotron radiation-induced x-ray fluorescence analysis of the bone samples from the site of trephination were used.

Neurosurgery in Siberia.

There is archaeological evidence that the first neurosurgical procedure in what is now known as Siberia was performed in 8005 ± 100 B.C. According to signs of bone growth, perhaps more than half of the individuals who received the ancient trepanations survived.