Concurrent treatment of HIV, disseminated complex and HCV-infection.

Patients with HIV-infection diagnosed at late stages usually have significant immunosuppression and demand simultaneous antiretroviral therapy and treatment of opportunistic infections. The presence of HCV coinfection makes treatment even more challenging because of possible adverse effects and drug-drug interactions. HCV cure in such clinical situations not only prevents fibrosis progression, but can also enhance virologic and/or immunologic response to antiretrovirals and thus effective treatment of opportunistic infections.

NMR study of dyadic and triadic splitting in copoly(arylene)phthalides based on diphenyl oxide and diphenyl sulfide.

All C NMR signals of the poly(arylene) polymers, O-1, S-7, OS-4, OOS-3, OOOS-2, SSO-5, and SSSO-6 (where O is a diphenyleneoxiphthalide unit and S is a diphenylenethiophthalide unit) in dyads and triads were assigned unequivocally with two-dimensional NMR techniques (ge-2D [ H- H] COSY, ge-2D [ H- C] HSQC, and ge-2D [ H- C] HMBC), and for each atom, the increments of the shifts are determined. For structurally similar carbon atoms of the phthalide cycle and heteroaromatic fragments of the skeletal chain, additive signal splitting schemes in phthalide centered dyads and in diphenylene oxide and in diphenylene sulfide centered triads are considered, based on taking into account the contributions to their shielding of adjacent and distant substituents. It was shown that the nature of the splitting of the signals of each of the 20 carbon atoms in 3,3-bisphenylphthalide fragments is determined by the type of carbon atom (tertiary or quaternary, even or odd), the type of heteroatoms in adjacent heteroaromatic fragments, their distance from the identified carbon nucleus, and their polyad symmetry.

Genetic structure of a regionally endangered orchid, the dark red helleborine (Epipactis atrorubens) at the edge of its distribution.

The genetic structure and diversity of species is determined by both current population dynamics and historical processes. Population genetic structure at the edge of the distribution is often expected to differ substantially from populations at the centre, as these edge populations are often small and fragmented. In addition, populations located in regions that have experienced repeated glaciations throughout the Pleistocene, may still carry imprints from the genetic consequences of frequent distribution shifts.

Effect of HIV infection-related factors on SVR rate in HCV treatment in HIV-infected patients.

Introduction: Factors that have an effect on the rate of sustained virological response (SVR) in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients include: genotype of hepatitis C virus (HCV); level of HCV RNA replication and rate of its reduction in the course of treatment; original hepatic fibrosis level; genotype of Interleukin-28B (especially for Genotype 1 HCV - G1); daily ribavirin (RBV) dose. This study evaluated the effect of the HIV infection-related factors on the SVR rate in HCV treatment in patients with concurrent infection (HIV/HCV).

Methods: The follow-up included 232 HIV/HCV-infected patients.

Clinical significance of the UGT1A1*28 allele detection in HIV-infected patients.

Introduction: The UGT1A1*28 (rs8175347) polymorphism is associated with hyperbilirubinemia. The presence of 6 TA-repeats in the UGT1A1 gene promoter region corresponds to normal UGT1TA1 activity. A detection of 7 TA-repeats in hetero- or homozygous individuals [(TA)6/(TA)7 and (TA)7/(TA)7] is associated with lower UGT1TA1 activity, which may eventually result in the development of Gilbert syndrome and/or modified individual response to drugs metabolized by this enzyme.