Reactive Stroma and Acinar Morphology in Prostate Cancer: Implications for Progression and Prognostic Assessment.

Introduction: Prostate cancer (PC) remains a significant global health concern, with prognostic assessments largely reliant on the Gleason Classification System. While it has proven effective, subjectivity in interpretation persists, prompting the need for complementary approaches. Reactive stroma (RS) has emerged as a potential candidate for enhancing PC characterization, as it reflects intricate interactions among stromal, epithelial, and extracellular matrix components.

Development of a convolutional neural network for diagnosing osteoarthritis, trained with knee radiographs from the ELSA-Brasil Musculoskeletal.

Objective: To develop a convolutional neural network (CNN) model, trained with the Brazilian "Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde do Adulto Musculoesquelético" (ELSA-Brasil MSK, Longitudinal Study of Adult Health, Musculoskeletal) baseline radiographic examinations, for the automated classification of knee osteoarthritis.

Materials And Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out with 5,660 baseline posteroanterior knee radiographs from the ELSA-Brasil MSK database (5,660 baseline posteroanterior knee radiographs). The examinations were interpreted by a radiologist with specific training, and the calibration was as established previously.

Neuropsychiatric and sleep study in autosomal dominant dopa-responsive dystonia.

Introduction: Although the diurnal fluctuation of motor dysfunction, reversible with small doses of dopamine, is a cornerstone for the phenotype of the autosomal dominant Segawa syndrome, the non-motor symptoms of this neurotransmitter deficiency have still received limited attention.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate non-motor symptoms of this dopa-responsive dystonia through an intrafamilial comparative cross-sectional study.

Methods: Seventeen individuals with a c.

The Effects of Prenatal Diagnosis on the Interaction of the Mother-Infant Dyad: A Longitudinal Study of Prenatal Care in the First Year of Life.

Introduction: Mother-child interactions during the first years of life have a significant impact on the emotional and cognitive development of the child. In this work, we study how a prenatal diagnosis of malformation may affect maternal representations and the quality of these early interactions. To this end, we conducted a longitudinal observational study of mother-child interactions from the gestational stage until the baby completed 12 months of age.

Automatic measurement of pressure ulcers using Support Vector Machines and GrabCut.

Background And Objective: Pressure ulcers are regions of trauma caused by a continuous pressure applied to soft tissues between a bony prominence and a hard surface. The manual monitoring of their healing evolution can be achieved by area assessment techniques that include the use of rulers and adhesive labels in direct contact with the injury, being highly inaccurate and subjective. In this paper we present a Support Vector Machine classifier in combination with a modified version of the GrabCut method for the automatic measurement of the area affected by pressure ulcers in digital images.

Raman spectroscopy with a 1064-nm wavelength laser as a potential molecular tool for prostate cancer diagnosis: a pilot study.

Raman spectroscopy is widely used to investigate the structure and property of the molecules from their vibrational transitions and may allow for the diagnosis of cancer in a fast, objective, and nondestructive manner. This experimental study aims to propose the use of the 1064-nm wavelength laser in a Raman spectroscopy and to evaluate its discrimination capability in prostate cancer diagnosis. Seventy-four spectra from patients who underwent radical prostatectomy were evaluated.

A computational method for semi-automatic measurement of pressure ulcers.

Pressure ulcers are skin lesions caused by the excessive compression of soft tissues between bones and hard surfaces that may increase treatment risks and costs. Manual techniques to evaluate the area of the affected region include the use of adhesive labels and rulers in direct contact with the ulcer. In this article, a semi-automatic method is proposed to estimate the lesion area through computerized techniques in different color spaces using filters and morphological operators.

Effects on 18F-FDG PET/CT Brain Glucose Metabolism in Rectal Cancer Patients Undergoing Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy.

Purpose: Retrospective study of the effects of anticancer treatment on the brain metabolism of patients diagnosed with rectal cancer based on a large and homogeneous sample of 40 paired F-FDG PET/CT volumes taken from 20 patients. The results are compared to the ones presented by related works to help elucidating the mechanisms of neurotoxicity associated to a decrease in memory, learning and motor skills.

Patients And Methods: Twenty patients with rectal adenocarcinoma were scanned before and after neoadjuvant chemoradiation based exclusively on 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin.

MammoSys: A content-based image retrieval system using breast density patterns.

In this paper, we present a content-based image retrieval system designed to retrieve mammographies from large medical image database. The system is developed based on breast density, according to the four categories defined by the American College of Radiology, and is integrated to the database of the Image Retrieval in Medical Applications (IRMA) project, that provides images with classification ground truth. Two-dimensional principal component analysis is used in breast density texture characterization, in order to effectively represent texture and allow for dimensionality reduction.

Corpus callosum morphology and ventricular size in chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome.

In this paper, novel methods were used to map the corpus callosum morphology of children with chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome in order to further investigate changes to that structure and to examine their possible effects on cognitive function. The callosal profiles were extracted from the centermost MRI midsagittal slice by supervised thresholding and the structure's boundary and midline were computed automatically.

Structural shape characterization via exploratory factor analysis.

Unlabelled: This article presents an exploratory factor analytic approach to morphometry in which a high-dimensional set of shape-related variables is examined with the purpose of finding clusters with strong correlation. This clustering can potentially identify regions that have anatomic significance and thus lend insight to knowledge discovery and morphometric investigations.

Methods: The information about regional shape is extracted by registering a reference image to a set of test images.