Internalization of transferrin-tagged encapsulins into mesenchymal stem cells.

Currently, various functionalized nanocarrier systems are extensively studied for targeted delivery of drugs, peptides, and nucleic acids. Joining the approaches of genetic and chemical engineering may produce novel carriers for precise targeting different cellular proteins, which is important for both therapy and diagnosis of various pathologies. Here we present the novel nanocontainers based on vectorized genetically encoded (Mx) encapsulin, confining a fluorescent photoactivatable mCherry (PAmCherry) protein.

Fibroblast Activation Protein Alpha (FAPα) in Fibrosis: Beyond a Perspective Marker for Activated Stromal Cells?

The development of tissue fibrosis is a complex process involving the interaction of multiple cell types, which makes the search for antifibrotic agents rather challenging. So far, myofibroblasts have been considered the key cell type that mediated the development of fibrosis and thus was the main target for therapy. However, current strategies aimed at inhibiting myofibroblast function or eliminating them fail to demonstrate sufficient effectiveness in clinical practice.

Extracellular Matrix Deposition Defines the Duration of Cell Sheet Assembly from Human Adipose-Derived MSC.

Cell sheet (CS) engineering using mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) draws significant interest for regenerative medicine and this approach translates to clinical use for numerous indications. However, little is known of factors that define the timing of CS assembly from primary cultures. This aspect is important for planning CS delivery in autologous and allogeneic modes of use.

Correlations between biomarkers of senescent cell accumulation at the systemic, tissue and cellular levels in elderly patients.

The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between established clinical systemic biomarkers of ageing and the development of age-associated diseases and senescent cell biomarkers at tissue and cellular levels. Thirty-eight patients (mean age 70 ± 4.9 years) who were assessed for traditional risk factors for cardiovascular diseases were included.

Influence of PHA Substrate Surface Characteristics on the Functional State of Endothelial Cells.

The needs of modern regenerative medicine for biodegradable polymers are wide and varied. Restoration of the viability of the vascular tree is one of the most important components of the preservation of the usefulness of organs and tissues. The creation of vascular implants compatible with blood is an important task of vascular bioengineering.

Corrigendum: Declined adipogenic potential of senescent MSCs due to shift in insulin signaling and altered exosome cargo.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.

Declined adipogenic potential of senescent MSCs due to shift in insulin signaling and altered exosome cargo.

Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) maintain cellular homeostasis and regulate tissue renewal and repair both by differentiating into mesodermal lineage, e.g., adipocytes, or managing the functions of differentiated cells.

Scar-Free Healing of Endometrium: Tissue-Specific Program of Stromal Cells and Its Induction by Soluble Factors Produced After Damage.

Besides certain exceptions, healing of most tissues in the human body occurs formation of scar tissue, rather than restoration of lost structures. After extensive acute injuries, this phenomenon substantially limits the possibility of lost function recovery and, in case of chronic injury, it leads to pathological remodeling of organs affected. Managing outcomes of damaged tissue repair is one of the main objectives of regenerative medicine.

Therapeutic Angiogenesis by a "Dynamic Duo": Simultaneous Expression of HGF and VEGF165 by Novel Bicistronic Plasmid Restores Blood Flow in Ischemic Skeletal Muscle.

Therapeutic angiogenesis is a promising strategy for relief of ischemic conditions, and gene delivery was used to stimulate blood vessels' formation and growth. We have previously shown that intramuscular injection of a mixture containing plasmids encoding vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)165 and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) leads to restoration of blood flow in mouse ischemic limb, and efficacy of combined delivery was superior to each plasmid administered alone. In this work, we evaluated different approaches for co-expression of HGF and VEGF165 genes in a panel of candidate plasmid DNAs (pDNAs) with internal ribosome entry sites (IRESs), a bidirectional promoter or two independent promoters for each gene of interest.

Cell Sheets from Adipose Tissue MSC Induce Healing of Pressure Ulcer and Prevent Fibrosis via Trigger Effects on Granulation Tissue Growth and Vascularization.

We report a comparative study of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) delivered by injection, MSC-based cell sheets (CS) or MSC secretome to induce healing of cutaneous pressure ulcer in C57Bl/6 mice. We found that transplantation of CS from adipose-derived MSC resulted in reduction of fibrosis and recovery of skin structure with its appendages (hair and cutaneous glands). Despite short retention of CS on ulcer surface (3-7 days) it induced profound changes in granulation tissue (GT) structure, increasing its thickness and altering vascularization pattern with reduced blood vessel density and increased maturation of blood vessels.

Unveiling Mesenchymal Stromal Cells' Organizing Function in Regeneration.

Regeneration is a fundamental process attributed to the functions of adult stem cells. In the last decades, delivery of suspended adult stem cells is widely adopted in regenerative medicine as a leading means of cell therapy. However, adult stem cells cannot complete the task of human body regeneration effectively by themselves as far as they need a receptive microenvironment (the niche) to engraft and perform properly.

Ionol (BHT) produces superoxide anion.

In aqueous medium etiolated wheat seedlings release superoxide anion (O2*-). Interaction of a synthetic antioxidant, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT, ionol), with oxygen in the aqueous medium is accompanied by O2*- formation. This suggests that under certain conditions BHT behaves as a prooxidant.

Unusual fast sedimenting mitochondria producing heavy DNA in the cells of aging coleoptiles of wheat seedlings.

A fraction of unusual fast sedimenting (10 min at 600-1700g) particles with properties of mitochondria has been detected in wheat seedlings. This fraction conventionally called "heavy" mitochondria amounts (by protein) to about 40% of the total subcellular particle fraction sedimented by 10 min centrifugation at 17,000g. The specific feature of these "heavy" mitochondria in aging tissues is an ability to synthesize and even superproduce heavy (rho = 1.

Superproduction of heavy minicircular mitochondrial DNA in aging wheat coleoptiles.

On incubation of 7-day-old wheat seedlings in the presence of [3H]thymidine, the radioactivity incorporated into coleoptile DNA is found to be localized mainly (greater than 95%) in the fraction of heavy mitochondrial DNA (H-mt DNA; rho = 1.716 gm/cm3). Upon long (48-72 h) incubation of cut-off seedlings in water, the amount of this DNA shows a dramatic increase and corresponds to about 10% of the total coleoptile DNA.

Bacteriophages of methanotrophs isolated from fish.

Bacteriophages of methanotrophic bacteria were isolated from 67 fish. Only two phages isolated from two fish species specifically lysed Methylocystis sp. and Flavobacterium gasotypicum.