Prospective study of depressive symptoms and incident cardiovascular diseases in people with type 2 diabetes.

Background: To prospectively examine whether depressive symptoms were associated with higher risks of incident cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: Included were 17,031 participants from UK Biobank with type 2 diabetes who were free of depression (identified by self-reported medical history, hospital record, and antidepressant use), and composite CVD, including atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and heart failure (HF). Cox proportional hazards models were applied to examine the association between depressive symptoms measured by Patient Health Questionaire-2 (PHQ-2) and incident composite CVD and its subtypes, adjusting for potential confounders.

Association between Egg Consumption and Dementia in Chinese Adults.

Background/objectives: The association between egg consumption and dementia is unclear. We carried out a population-based case-control study in China to determine the independent association of egg consumption with dementia.

Methods: We randomly recruited 233 participants with dementia and 233 without dementia from the community health service clinics and the dementia management system in Guangzhou, China to examine their dietary intakes over the past two years and other risk factors for chronic diseases.

Determinants of multimorbidity in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review of longitudinal studies and discovery of evidence gaps.

Multimorbidity-the coexistence of at least two chronic health conditions within the same individual-is an important global health challenge. In high-income countries (HICs), multimorbidity is dominated by non-communicable diseases (NCDs); whereas, the situation may be different in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where chronic communicable diseases remain prominent. The aim of this systematic review was to identify determinants (including risk and protective factors) and potential mechanisms underlying multimorbidity from published longitudinal studies across diverse population-based or community-dwelling populations in LMICs.

How is nicotine vaping product (e-cigarette) use monitored in primary care electronic health records in the United Kingdom? An exploratory analysis of Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD).

Background: Electronic health records (EHRs) could identify long-term health effects of nicotine vaping. We characterised the extent to which vaping is recorded in primary care EHRs in the UK, on a population level.

Methods: We performed descriptive analysis of Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD), primary care electronic health records of 25% of the UK population (~ 16 million patients).

Frailty in individuals with depression, bipolar disorder and anxiety disorders: longitudinal analyses of all-cause mortality.

Background: Frailty is a medical syndrome that is strongly associated with mortality risk and an emerging global health burden. Mental disorders are associated with reduced life expectancy and elevated levels of frailty. In this study, we examined the mortality risk associated with frailty in individuals with a lifetime history of mental disorders compared to individuals without a history of mental disorders.

Multimorbidity clusters among people with serious mental illness: a representative primary and secondary data linkage cohort study.

Background: People with serious mental illness (SMI) experience higher mortality partially attributable to higher long-term condition (LTC) prevalence. However, little is known about multiple LTCs (MLTCs) clustering in this population.

Methods: People from South London with SMI and two or more existing LTCs aged 18+ at diagnosis were included using linked primary and mental healthcare records, 2012-2020.

Prospective associations between depression and risk of hospitalisation for infection: Findings from the UK Biobank.

Background: Associations between depression and non-communicable disease have been well-described. However, the evidence for its role in the development of infectious disease is less understood. We aimed to examine prospective associations between depression and risk of hospitalisation for infection in middle-aged adults from the UK Biobank (linked with Hospital Episode Statistics) and assessed the role of several depression-related factors.

Vitamin D and the risk of treatment-resistant and atypical depression: A Mendelian randomization study.

Observational evidence has implicated vitamin D levels as a risk factor in major depressive disorder (MDD). Confounding or reverse causation may be driving these observed associations, with studies using genetics indicating little evidence of an effect. However, genetic studies have relied on broad definitions of depression.

Associations between physical multimorbidity patterns and common mental health disorders in middle-aged adults: A prospective analysis using data from the UK Biobank.

Background: We aimed to identify specific patterns of physical multimorbidity, defined as the presence of two or more physical long-term conditions, and to examine the extent to which these specific patterns could predict future incident and persistent common mental health disorders (CMDs) in middle-aged adults enrolled in the UK Biobank.

Methods: We assessed prospective associations between physical multimorbidity status at the baseline assessment (2006-2010) and depression and anxiety 'caseness' according to the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9 and the Generalised Anxiety Disorder Assessment (GAD)-7 at the follow-up assessment (2016) in 154,367 middle-aged adults enrolled in the UK Biobank (median age: 57 years, interquartile range 50-62 years, 56.5% female, mean duration of follow-up: 7.

Diagnostic promiscuity: the use of real-world data to study multimorbidity in mental health.

Mental health-related multimorbidity can be considered as multimorbidity in the presence of a mental disorder. Some knowledge gaps on the study of mental health-related multimorbidity were identified. These knowledge gaps could be potentially addressed with real-world data.

Prospective associations between vitamin D and depression in middle-aged adults: findings from the UK Biobank cohort.

Background: A possible role of vitamin D in the pathophysiology of depression is currently speculative, with more rigorous research needed to assess this association in large adult populations. The current study assesses prospective associations between vitamin D status and depression in middle-aged adults enrolled in the UK Biobank.

Methods: We assessed prospective associations between vitamin D status at the baseline assessment (2006-2010) and depression measured at the follow-up assessment (2016) in 139 128 adults registered with the UK Biobank.

The mental health of emergency services personnel in the UK Biobank: a comparison with the working population.

: There is evidence that mental disorders are more frequently reported among emergency services personnel due to the stressful nature of the job in combination with a high exposure to traumatic events. However, most of this research is based on occupational surveys that may lead to a contextual bias in the prevalence estimates or lack an adequate comparison group. : To investigate mental health outcomes and associations with individual, job and trauma related characteristics among emergency services personnel compared to other workers.

Multimorbidity patterns, all-cause mortality and healthy aging in older English adults: Results from the English Longitudinal Study of Aging.

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the relationships between multimorbidity, healthy aging and mortality.

Methods: Using data from 9171 individuals aged ≥50 years at wave 2 and mortality data at wave 5 of the English Longitudinal Study of Aging, a multiple linear regression model and a Cox proportional hazards model were used to investigate how multimorbidity patterns (identified as cardiorespiratory/arthritis/cataracts, metabolic and relatively healthy) were associated with a composite index of healthy aging (derived from 41 intrinsic capacity and functional ability items) and with mortality.

Results: A total of 60% of the sample with multimorbidity had a moderate or high level of healthy aging.

Impact of comorbidity on the short- and medium-term risk of revision in total hip and knee arthroplasty.

Background: The impact of comorbidity on the risk of revision in patients undergoing Total Knee arthroplasty (TKA) and Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) is not currently well known. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of comorbidity on the risk of revision in TKA and THA.

Methods: Patients recorded in the Catalan Arthroplasty Register (RACat) between 01/01/2005 and 31/12/2016 undergoing TKA (n = 49,701) and THA (n = 17,923) caused by osteoarthritis were included.

Weight misperception and psychological symptoms from adolescence to young adulthood: longitudinal study of an ethnically diverse UK cohort.

Background: To evaluate the association between weight misperception and psychological symptoms in the Determinants of young Adults Social well-being and Health (DASH) longitudinal study.

Methods: A longitudinal sample of 3227 adolescents, in 49 secondary schools in London, aged 11-16 years participated in 2002/2003 and were followed up in 2005/2006. A sub-sample (N = 595) was followed up again at ages 21-23 years in 2012/2013.

Demographic variation in fit note receipt and long-term conditions in south London.

Objectives: Introduced in the UK in 2010, the fit note was designed to address the problem of long-term sickness absence. We explored (1) associations between demographic variables and fit note receipt, 'maybe fit' use and long-term conditions, (2) whether individuals with long-term conditions receive more fit notes and are more likely to have the 'maybe fit' option selected and (3) whether long-term conditions explained associations between demographic variables and fit note receipt.

Methods: Data were extracted from Lambeth DataNet, a database containing electronic medical records of all 45 general practitioner (GP) practices within the borough of Lambeth.

Factors Associated With Multimorbidity Patterns in Older Adults in England: Findings From the English Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSA).

We aimed to identify the patterns of multimorbidity in older adults and explored their association with sociodemographic and lifestyle risk factors. The sample included 9,171 people aged 50+ from Wave 2 of the English Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSA). Latent Class Analysis (LCA) was performed on 26 chronic diseases to determine clusters of common diseases within individuals and their association with sociodemographic and lifestyle risk factors.

Prisons and Embodiment: Self-Management Strategies of an Incarcerated Population.

Weight gain and obesity in prison are, like elsewhere, associated with an increase in caloric intake and reduction in physical activity, but these factors are not solely under the control of a prisoner. Nineteen semistructured interviews were conducted in two male prisons in the United Kingdom to explore participants' thoughts, beliefs, and feelings on the role prison plays on weight change. Data from interviews were analyzed through grounded theory methodology.

Obesity and Weight Change in Two United Kingdom Male Prisons.

Prisoners' weight and waist circumference were measured 6 and 12 months after imprisonment. Variables known to be associated with differences in lifestyle behaviors and obesity were considered as covariates in the study. A total of 367 prisoners were recruited into the study at baseline, with 116 of these having dropped out of the study from the 6-month to the 12-month follow-up.

Indicators of mental disorders in UK Biobank-A comparison of approaches.

Objectives: For many research cohorts, it is not practical to provide a "gold-standard" mental health diagnosis. It is therefore important for mental health research that potential alternative measures for ascertaining mental disorder status are understood.

Methods: Data from UK Biobank in those participants who had completed the online Mental Health Questionnaire (n = 157,363) were used to compare the classification of mental disorder by four methods: symptom-based outcome (self-complete based on diagnostic interviews), self-reported diagnosis, hospital data linkage, and self-report medication.

Characteristics, comorbidities, and correlates of atypical depression: evidence from the UK Biobank Mental Health Survey.

Background: Depression is a heterogeneous disorder with multiple aetiological pathways and multiple therapeutic targets. This study aims to determine whether atypical depression (AD) characterized by reversed neurovegetative symptoms is associated with a more pernicious course and a different sociodemographic, lifestyle, and comorbidity profile than nonatypical depression (nonAD).

Methods: Among 157 366 adults who completed the UK Biobank Mental Health Questionnaire (MHQ), N = 37 434 (24%) met the DSM-5 criteria for probable lifetime major depressive disorder (MDD) based on the Composite International Diagnostic Interview Short Form.

Common mental disorders within chronic inflammatory disorders: a primary care database prospective investigation.

Objective: There is inconsistent evidence about the association between inflammatory disorders and depression and anxiety onset in a primary care context. The study aimed to evaluate the risk of depression and anxiety within multisystem and organ-specific inflammatory disorders.

Methods: This is a prospective cohort study with primary care patients from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink diagnosed with an inflammatory disorder between 1 January 2001 and 31 December 2016.