Tentacles Can Reach the Duodenum: A Rare Form of Gastritis.

Varioliform gastritis (VG) is a rare chronic gastritis characterized by mucosal protrusions with central depressions, typically found in the stomach. This paper discusses the first reported case of VG extending into the duodenum, involving a 68-year-old immunocompromised patient with a complex medical history, including prostate cancer and multiple comorbidities. The diagnosis was complicated by the presence of , which was treated successfully with eradication therapy consisting of amoxicillin and clarithromycin along with omeprazole.

Acute Severe Ulcerative Colitis Flare Complicated by Myopericarditis and Infliximab-Induced Hepatitis.

Unlabelled: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an autoimmune disease associated with both intestinal and extraintestinal manifestations. The latter may include heart complications, such as myopericarditis leading to life-threatening arrythmias. Nowadays, UC is commonly treated with biologic medications and infliximab is the first line therapy in an outpatient setting, while it is also used as rescue therapy in acute severe UC.

The role of IL-19, IL-24, IL-21 and IL-33 in intestinal mucosa of inflammatory bowel disease: A narrative review.

Interleukins are potential therapeutic targets that can alter the prognosis and progression of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The roles of IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, and IL-23 have been extensively studied, setting the stage for the development of novel treatments for patients with IBD. Other cytokines have been less extensively studied.

Stereoselective oxidative -glycosylation of disarmed glycosyl iodides with alcohols using PIDA as the promoter.

The direct and practical oxidative anomeric -glycosylation of glycosyl iodides with an array of alcohols as glycosyl acceptors is presented. Using phenyliodine(III) diacetate (PIDA) as the promoter of the reaction, at ambient temperature, an enviromentally benign and operationally simple protocol has been developed providing access stereoselectively to 1,2--glycosides.

Expression of IL-21 and IL-33 in Intestinal Mucosa of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: An Immunohistochemical Study.

Interleukins are considered to be potential therapeutic targets that can alter the prognosis and disease progression of IBD. IL-21 has proven to be involved in effector Th1, Th2 and Th17 responses. Similarly, IL-33, a newly identified cytokine, has been shown to control the Th1 effector response and the action of the colonic Tregs in animal models of colitis and patients with IBD.

Is Panenteric Pillcam Crohn's Capsule Endoscopy Ready for Widespread Use? A Narrative Review.

Patients diagnosed with Crohn's disease are increasingly subjected to repeat colonoscopic and radiological examinations to assess the extent of the disease severity and the effects of treatment. Pillcam Crohn's video capsule, a modified colon capsule, was developed to generate a minimally invasive mouth to rectum video of the gastrointestinal tract. The capsule provides a wide-angle panoramic mucosal view to assess inflammation, ulceration, stenosis, disease extent, and effect of treatment.

Virtual Chromoendoscopy in Capsule Endoscopy: A Narrative Review.

The usefulness of virtual chromoendoscopy (VC) in capsule endoscopy (CE) isa controversial issue, with conflicting studies regarding its efficacy. FICE and a blue filter were embedded in the PillCam software, with the aim to assist readers in identifying the source of obscure gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding (OGIB), coeliac disease mucosal changes and other small and large bowel lesions, including polyps and tumors. This review aims to summarize the existing evidence on the value of VC in the visualization and identification of different types of pathology.

IBD therapeutics: what is in the pipeline?

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an idiopathic long-term relapsing and remitting disorder including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. The aim of therapy is to induce and maintain remission. Anti-TNF therapies dramatically improved clinical outcomes but primary failure or secondary loss is a common problem as well as potential side effects potentially limiting efficacy and long-term use.

Bioaccessibility and Oxidative Stability of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Supplements, Sardines and Enriched Eggs Studied Using a Static In Vitro Gastrointestinal Model.

Modern dietary habits have created the need for the design and production of functional foods enriched in bioactive compounds for a healthy lifestyle. However, the fate of many of these bioactive compounds in the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract has not been thoroughly investigated. Thus, in the present study, the bioaccessibility of omega-3 fatty acids was examined.

Cell adhesion molecules' altered profile in benign and malignant salivary gland tumors. The paradigm of beta4-integrin, desmoglein-2, ICAM-1 and CD44s.

Background: Alterations in intercellular and cell-extracellular matrix connections contribute to tumour development. This study investigates the expression of specific cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) in salivary gland tumors (SGTs).

Methods: Formalin-fixed, paraffin- embedded tissue specimens of different types of 34 benign and 31 malignant SGTs and normal salivary glands were studied using Envision/HRP immunohistochemical technique for Desmoglein-2 (Dsg-2), beta4-integrin, CD44s and ICAM-1.

Bisphosphonate's Effect on Tongue Mucosa: An Experimental Electron Microscopy Study.

Background And Objectives: Bisphosphonates (BPs) are selective inhibitors of osteoclasts, used for the treatment of bone disorders. The objective of this study is to investigate the possible effects of BPs on the tongue's mucosa.

Materials And Methods: Specimens of the tongue of 20 female 12-month old Wistar rats were taken.

Pyloric and foveolar type metaplasia are important diagnostic features in Crohn's disease that are frequently missed in routine pathology.

Pyloric type metaplasia (PYME) as evidence of chronic mucosal damage, is one of the main histopathological findings for diagnosing Crohn's Disease (CD) in terminal ileum biopsies, according to the latest guidelines but still frequently underdiagnosed in routine pathology. Foveolar metaplasia (FOME) changes in mucosa, another aspect of the chronic post -inflammatory Ulcer Associated Cell Lineage (UACL), have only been reported in a few cases. However, their clinical significance has not been investigated in depth except in pouchitis.

Alendronate effect in esophagus, stomach and liver: an animal based pathological study.

Bisphosphonates are commonly used in clinical practice. Their effectiveness is indisputable, however their adverse effects, especially in the GI tract, are still controversial. In our report, we demonstrate pathological findings of the effect of systematic alendronate administration in esophagus, stomach and the liver of an in-vivo animal model of 15 Wistar rats.

Expression of peroxisome proliferator activation receptors (PPARs) and TNFα in placenta tissues in unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss: an immunohistochemical study.

Introduction: PPAR expression in placenta tissues regulates proinflammatory cytokine production and preserves the quiescence of the uterus during pregnancy. PPAR-γ regulates inflammatory response during gestation while PPAR-δ and TNFα play a central role at implantation, decidualization and placentation. However, their expression levels affect normal pregnancy and may cause gestational complications and miscarriage.

Immunohistochemical study of immunological markers: HLAG, CD16, CD25, CD56 and CD68 in placenta tissues in recurrent pregnancy loss.

Introduction: Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) of unknown etiology is correlated with immunological alterations during pregnancy. Normally, changes in leukocyte subpopulations and HLA expression take place in pregnant uterus in order to tolerate the semi-allogenic embryo.

Objective: Our research tries to enlighten the immunological changes that take place in the uterus of women with recurrent abortions of unknown etiology during first trimester of pregnancy.