A COVID-19-Related Retinopathy Case Report.

The recent outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 has been declared a worldwide pandemic by the WHO. Within various multi-organ involvements, several ocular manifestations have been described. We report the case of a patient diagnosed with COVID-19 who presented with a progressive increase of bilateral cotton wool spots over a 1-week period, despite quick and complete recovery of systemic signs of the disease and no ocular symptoms.

Retinal Manifestations in Patients with COVID-19: A Prospective Cohort Study.

The recent outbreak of the Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has been declared a worldwide pandemic. Within various multi-organ involvement, several ocular manifestations have been described, such as conjunctivitis and retinopathy. The prevalence and severity of retinal lesions and their relation to the severity of the systemic disease are unknown.

Standardization of choroidal thickness measurements using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography.

Aim: To describe and evaluate a standardized protocol for measuring the choroidal thickness (ChT) using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI OCT).

Methods: Single 9 mm EDI OCT line scans across the fovea were used for this study. The protocol used in this study classified the EDI OCT images into four groups based on the appearance of the choroidal-scleral interface and suprachoroidal space.

Safety testing of epimacular brachytherapy with microperimetry and indocyanine green angiography: 12-month results.

Purpose: To determine if epimacular brachytherapy is associated with reduced retinal sensitivity or choroidal nonperfusion.

Methods: A prospective intervention case series of 12 participants with neovascular age-related macular degeneration requiring frequent ranibizumab underwent vitrectomy and epimacular brachytherapy. The Strontium 90/Yttrium 90 source delivered a single 24-Gy dose at the center of the treatment zone.

Intravitreal injection of expansile perfluoropropane (c(3)f(8)) for the treatment of vitreomacular traction.

Purpose: To study the efficacy of a single intravitreal injection of expansile gas in releasing vitreomacular traction.

Design: Retrospective, interventional case series.

Methods: Fifteen eyes of 14 consecutive patients with symptomatic and persistent vitreomacular traction (>3 months' duration) on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD OCT) received a single intravitreal injection of 0.

Computerized assessment of intraretinal and subretinal fluid regions in spectral-domain optical coherence tomography images of the retina.

Purpose: To evaluate a new computerized segmentation technique for the quantification of intraretinal and subretinal fluid in spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD OCT) images of the retina.

Design: Prospective, cross-sectional study.

Methods: Thirty-seven B-scan images of 37 patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration were chosen randomly from SD OCT volume scans (1 per volume scan).

Preretinal partial pressure of oxygen gradients before and after experimental pars plana vitrectomy.

Purpose: To evaluate preretinal partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) gradients before and after experimental pars plana vitrectomy.

Methods: Arteriolar, venous, and intervascular preretinal PO2 gradients were recorded in 7 minipigs during slow withdrawal of oxygen-sensitive microelectrodes (10-μm tip diameter) from the vitreoretinal interface to 2 mm into the vitreous cavity. Recordings were repeated after pars plana vitrectomy and balanced salt solution (BSS) intraocular perfusion.

The rationale of retinal endovascular fibrinolysis in the treatment of retinal vein occlusion: from experimental data to clinical application.

Purpose: We describe a retinal endovascular fibrinolysis technique to directly reperfuse experimentally occluded retinal veins using a simple micropipette.

Methods: Retinal vein occlusion was photochemically induced in 12 eyes of 12 minipigs: after intravenous injection of 10% fluorescein (1-mL bolus), the targeted retinal vein segment was exposed to thrombin (50 units) and to Argon laser (100-200 mW) through a pars plana approach. A beveled micropipette with a 30-μm-diameter sharp edge was used for micropuncture of the occluded vein and endovascular microinjection of tissue plasminogen activator (50 μg/mL) in 11 eyes.

The effect of learning curve on the surgical outcome of viscocanalostomy.

Purpose: To evaluate the influence of learning curve on the surgical outcome of viscocanalostomy.

Methods: Retrospective, interventional study. Chart review of the first consecutive open-angle glaucoma cases that received viscocanalostomy in 1 institution between July 1996 and June 2000.

Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy masquerading as neovascular age-related macular degeneration refractory to ranibizumab.

Purpose: To report a neovascular age-related macular degeneration pattern refractory to ranibizumab.

Design: Retrospective, observational case series.

Methods: Between March and May 2009, cases with neovascular age-related macular degeneration refractory to ranibizumab were investigated with indocyanine green angiography.

Automated segmentation of foveal avascular zone in fundus fluorescein angiography.

PURPOSE. To describe and evaluate the performance of a computerized automated segmentation technique for use in quantification of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ). METHODS.

The vasodilatory effect of juxta-arteriolar microinjection of endothelinA receptor inhibitor in healthy and acute branch retinal vein occlusion minipig retinas.

Purpose. To investigate the effect of the endothelin(A) receptor inhibitor BQ-123 on the retinal arteriolar vasculature in minipig retinas in normal eyes and eyes with acute branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). Methods.

Lamellar macular holes: tomographic features and surgical outcome.

Purpose: To categorize tomographically the distinct entity of lamellar macular holes (MH) and present the surgical outcomes in our patient cohort.

Design: Prospective observational and interventional study.

Methods: All cases were clinically diagnosed initially with slit-lamp biomicroscopy and confirmed with the use of optical coherence tomography (OCT)-3.

Effect of systemic nitric oxide synthase inhibition on optic disc oxygen partial pressure in normoxia and in hypercapnia.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of systemic nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition on optic disc oxygen partial pressure (PO(2)) in normoxia and hypercapnia.

Methods: Intervascular optic disc PO(2) was measured in 12 anesthetized minipigs by using oxygen-sensitive microelectrodes placed <50 microm from the optic disc. PO(2) was measured continuously during 10 minutes under normoxia, hyperoxia (100% O(2)), carbogen breathing (95% O(2), 5% CO(2)), and hypercapnia (increased inhaled CO(2)).

Lactate-induced retinal arteriolar vasodilation implicates neuronal nitric oxide synthesis in minipigs.

Purpose: To investigate the role of neuronal nitric oxide (NO) synthesis in the retinal vasodilatory response to lactate in minipigs.

Methods: Thirteen eyes of 13 minipigs were evaluated. Ten eyes received an intravenous infusion of N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME).

Primary vitrectomy without scleral buckling for pseudophakic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.

Purpose: To report the anatomic and functional results of primary vitrectomy without scleral buckling for the treatment of pseudophakic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (PsRD).

Design: Prospective, nonrandomized surgical technique study.

Methods: One hundred eyes of 98 patients with PsRD were operated by vitrectomy alone.

Phacoviscocanalostomy for open-angle glaucoma with concomitant age-related cataract.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of combined viscocanalostomy and phacoemulsification (phacoviscocanalostomy) for medically uncontrolled open-angle glaucoma (OAG) with concomitant age-related cataract.

Design: Prospective, noncomparative, interventional case-series study.

Methods: Phacoviscocanalostomy was performed on 50 eyes of 50 consecutive patients with medically uncontrolled OAG and clinically significant age-related cataract.

Optical coherence tomography and multifocal electroretinogram findings in chronic solar retinopathy.

Purpose: To correlate the structural and functional retinal defects, which are induced photochemically in chronic solar retinopathy.

Design: Observational case report.

Methods: Four emmetropic eyes of two patients, previously diagnosed with chronic solar retinopathy, were evaluated by optical coherence tomography (OCT), multifocal electroretinography, and fluorescein angiography.

Diabetic retinopathy.

Introduction: Diabetic retinopathy is the most common cause of blindness in the UK, with older people and those with worse diabetic control, hypertension, and hyperlipidaemia being most at risk. Diabetic retinopathy can cause microaneurysms, haemorrhages, exudates, changes to blood vessels, and retinal thickening.

Methods And Outcomes: We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical questions: What are the effects of treatments in people with diabetic retinopathy? What are the effects of treatments for vitreous haemorrhage? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library and other important databases up to November March 2007 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically, please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review).

Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome following simultaneous hepatitis-A and yellow fever vaccination.

Purpose: To report a case of multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS) following simultaneous hepatitis-A virus (HAV) and yellow fever (YF) vaccination.

Methods: Review of the clinical, laboratory, photographic, and angiographic records of a patient suffering from MEWDS.

Results: A healthy 50-year-old woman presented with rapidly progressive left-eye visual loss, associated with photopsias and a para-central scotoma, one week after receiving simultaneous HAV and YF vaccination.

Primary viscocanalostomy for juvenile open-angle glaucoma.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of primary viscocanalostomy for medically uncontrolled juvenile open-angle glaucoma (JOAG).

Design: Prospective, noncomparative, interventional case-series study.

Methods: The study included 20 eyes of 20 consecutive patients with medically uncontrolled JOAG who were treated by viscocanalostomy at one institution.

Occult anterior-chamber metallic fragment post-phacoemulsification masquerading as chronic recalcitrant postoperative inflammation.

Purpose: To report a case of an occult, metallic, anterior-chamber intraocular foreign body after uneventful phacoemulsification that was masquerading as chronic recalcitrant postoperative inflammation.

Design: Interventional case report.

Methods: A 73-year-old patient was referred to us for recalcitrant anterior-chamber inflammation after uneventful phacoemulsification; the patient presented with visual disturbances, anterior-chamber inflammation, and macular epiretinal membrane with concomitant cystoid macular edema.

Cavernous sinus thrombosis elicited by a central retinal vein venous stasis retinopathy.

Background: Central retinal vein occlusion is a relatively common retinal disorder in the elderly, and those with cardiovascular or thrombophilic risk factors are at increased risk. Although still unsatisfying, some treatments for the acute and chronic phases have been established based on randomized studies. However, for rare conditions mimicking central retinal vein occlusion, treatment of the acute phase should be targeted at etiology.

Pars-plana vitrectomy alone vs vitrectomy with scleral buckling for primary rhegmatogenous pseudophakic retinal detachment.

Purpose: To compare primary pars-plana vitrectomy (PPV) alone vs vitrectomy with an encircling scleral buckling procedure for the treatment of primary rhegmatogenous pseudophakic retinal detachment (PsRD).

Design: Prospective, nonrandomized, comparative study.

Methods: All 71 eyes of 68 consecutive patients with PsRD presented to our service between 1998 and 2002 were offered either vitrectomy alone (group-A) or vitrectomy in combination with encircling scleral buckling procedure (group-B).