The order () is represented by gasteroid fungi with expanded and sequestrate basidiomata, known as stinkhorns and false truffles. In phalloids, the first DNA sequence was published in 1997, and after that, some studies aimed to resolve phylogenetic conflicts and propose new species based on DNA markers; however, the number of families and genera in the order still generates controversies among researchers. Thus, this work aims to provide an overview of diversity represented by selected DNA markers available in public databases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: Alveolar decortication (AD) is a minimally invasive procedure that can be performed in the orthodontic office as an intervention to accelerate tooth movement. There is a gap in the literature evaluating the earlier and delayed responses after AD using lighter orthodontic forces in a rat model. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effects of AD in the amount of orthodontic tooth movement and on alveolar bone remodelling in a rodent model, after 7 or 14 days.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntermittent Parathyroid Hormone (I-PTH) is the only FDA approved anabolic drug therapy available for the treatment of osteoporosis in males and postmenopausal females. The effects of I-PTH on the chondrogenic lineage of the mandibular condylar cartilage (MCC) are not well understood. To investigate the role of I-PTH on the MCC and subchondral bone, we carried out our studies using 4 to 5 week old triple transgenic mice (Col1a1XCol2a1XCol10a1).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: To evaluate the cellular and matrix effects of botulinum toxin type A (Botox) on mandibular condylar cartilage (MCC) and subchondral bone.
Materials And Methods: Botox (0.3 unit) was injected into the right masseter of 5-week-old transgenic mice (Col10a1-RFPcherry) at day 1.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to delineate the cellular, mechanical and morphometric effects of altered loading on the mandibular condylar cartilage (MCC) and subchondral bone. We hypothesized that altered loading will induce differentiation of cells by accelerating the lineage progression of the MCC.
Materials And Methods: Four-week-old male Dkk3 XCol2A1XCol10A1 mice were randomly divided into two groups: (1) Loaded-Altered loading of MCC was induced by forced mouth opening using a custom-made spring; (2) Control-served as an unloaded group.