Latent tuberculosis screening before kidney transplantation in the South of Brazil.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a prevalent infection after kidney transplantation (KT) in high-burden countries. Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) screening includes previous TB history, chest radiograph findings, and tuberculin test (TST) and/or interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) results. We aimed to compare our routine LTBI screening of KT candidates and living donors (LD) with their IGRA results, and evaluate if this would improve isoniazid (INH) treatment referral.

Klebsiella pneumoniae ESBL forming spheroplasts in the fresh and unstained urine sediment.

A 60 year-old man was submitted to kidney transplantation in 2013 due to chronic renal insufficiency caused by hypertension. He had recurrent episodes of urinary tract infection and came to the hospital due to a 4 day-long fever, abdominal pain, burning urination and nausea. Routine urinalysis revealed a picture of infection (> 50 leucocytes/high power field associated to massive bacteriuria).

A search for Clostridium difficile ribotypes 027 and 078 in Brazil.

Toxigenic strains of Clostridium difficile may be disseminating. Here we prospectively screened patients with nosocomial diarrhoea in two hospitals in Brazil. To identify C.