Planning Matters: A Document Analysis of 24 Portuguese Health Programmes.

Background: Health planning is essential for effective public health interventions and optimal resource utilisation. The Portuguese Directorate-General of Health has a long history of developing health plans and programmes, for communicable and noncommunicable diseases, and their determinants. This study aimed to review the current 24 programmes and assess the adequacy of their structure and content.

Genetic Theory behind the Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation.

Much effort has been spent in the identification of an environmental factor that explains the occurrence of molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH). The best explanation, however, is accepting that MIH has a complex or multifactorial mode of inheritance. This chapter provides an analysis of how multifactorial inheritance operates in determining MIH, an explanation that accommodates the variation seen in the phenotype and the frequency of the problem around the world.

Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation as a Dental Caries Risk Factor - Is It True?

The development of the human dentition is susceptible to disruption owing to its intricate and delicate nature, encompassing variations in tooth number, anatomical configuration, and the characteristics of enamel, dentine, and cementum. This chapter will specifically address the prevalent defect of molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH), which can impose a significant treatment burden on individuals. MIH is linked to deleterious alterations in the properties of affected enamel, which can lead to rapid enamel breakdown and carious lesion formation in those at a heightened caries risk.

The effect of face race on metamemory: Examining its robustness and underlying mechanisms.

Perceivers typically exhibit better recognition memory for same-race faces than for cross-race faces, a phenomenon known as the cross-race effect (CRE). Despite its ubiquity, it is yet unclear whether people are metacognitively aware of the CRE. This research thoroughly investigates perceivers' metacognitive awareness of the CRE across five experiments.

Exploring etiologic contributions to the occurrence of external apical root resorption.

Introduction: External apical root resorption (EARR) is often an undesirable sequela of orthodontic treatment. Prior studies have suggested a substantial link between EARR and certain genetic components. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may play a role as predisposing factors.

Family-based GWAS for dental class I malocclusion and clefts.

Background: Individuals born with cleft lip and/or palate who receive corrective surgery regularly have abnormal growth in the midface region such that they exhibit premaxillary hypoplasia. However, there are also genetic contributions to craniofacial morphology in the midface region, so although these individuals appear to have Class III skeletal discrepancy, their molar relationship may be Class I. Past genome-wide association studies (GWASs) on skeletal Class II and III malocclusion suggested that multiple genetic markers contribute to these phenotypes via a multifactorial inheritance model, but research has yet to examine the genetic markers associated with dental Class I malocclusion.

Potential involvement of beta-lactamase homologous proteins in resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics in gram-negative bacteria of the ESKAPEE group.

Enzymatic degradation mediated by beta-lactamases constitutes one of the primary mechanisms of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics in gram-negative bacteria. This enzyme family comprises four molecular classes, categorized into serine beta-lactamases (Classes A, C, and D) and zinc-dependent metallo-beta-lactamases (Class B). Gram-negative bacteria producing beta-lactamase are of significant concern, particularly due to their prevalence in nosocomial infections.

Erosive Tooth Wear, Wine Intake, and Genetic Variation in COMT and MMP2.

Introduction: Erosive tooth wear (ETW) is a multifactorial condition of increasing prevalence in the younger population. This study aimed to explore the association between different ETW phenotypes with MMP2 and COMT single-nucleotide variants and selected environmental factors.

Methods: Saliva samples, erosive wear, and dental caries experience data and dietary/behavioral information from 16- to 18-year-old patients (n = 747) were used.

Study of the antibacterial and cytotoxic activity of chitosan and its derivatives chemically modified with phthalic anhydride and ethylenediamine.

The insertion of hydrophobic and hydrophilic chains in the chitosan molecule can improve its antibacterial activity, expanding its range of application in several areas of medical-pharmaceutical sciences. Thus, this work aimed to increase the antibacterial activity of chitosan through the modification reaction with phthalic anhydride (QF) and subsequent reaction with ethylenediamine (QFE). The chitosan and derivatives obtained were characterized by elemental analysis, C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (C NMR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TG), where it was possible to prove the chemical modification.

Genetic and environmental contributions for the relationship between tooth loss and oral potentially malignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: To investigate the association between tooth loss and oral potentially malignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma, focusing on epidemiological factors and genetic variants.

Methods: Case-control study, including histologically confirmed oral potentially malignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma cases and healthy controls. Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios for this association were calculated.

The salivary microbiota of patients with acute lower respiratory tract infection-A multicenter cohort study.

The human microbiome contributes to health and disease, but the oral microbiota is understudied relative to the gut microbiota. The salivary microbiota is easily accessible, underexplored, and may provide insight into response to infections. We sought to determine the composition, association with clinical features, and heterogeneity of the salivary microbiota in patients with acute lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI).

Factors associated with the lifestyle of state basic education teachers of state during the pandemic.

Objective: To analyze the prevalence and factors associated with the lifestyle profile of public basic education teachers in Minas Gerais during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Method: Epidemiological websurvey carried out with public basic education teachers in Minas Gerais. Data collection took place from August to September2020 via digital form.

Polymorphisms associated with oral clefts as potential markers for oral pre and malignant disorders.

Objective: To investigate whether genes in the Wnt pathway, which have been previously associated with both oral clefts and oral squamous cell carcinoma, are also associated with oral potentially malignant disorders (leukoplakia, erythroplakia and lichen planus).

Materials And Methods: Case-control study: Dataset consisted of clinical information linked to DNA samples from affected subjects diagnosed with oral potential malignant disorders and oral cancer and their matched controls. Individual samples, clinical history, and potential risk factors were obtained through the Dental Registry and DNA Repository project of the School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh.

Coast-or Inland Residence and Differences in the Occurrence of Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate.

Objetive: To analyze if differences in lifestyle and environment between coastal and inland areas are associated with differences in frequency of orofacial cleft types.

Design: Populational cross-sectional study.

Setting: All live borns with orofacial cleft registered at Brazilian Live Birth Information System between 1999 and 2020.

Molar-incisor hypomineralization in a cohort of individuals born with cleft lip and palate.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the frequency of molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) in individuals born with cleft lip and or cleft palate.

Settings And Sample: Three hundred eighty-six individuals born with cleft lip and/or palate before orthodontic treatment.

Methods: All the individuals were submitted to a clinical examination and intraoral standardized photos.

CLEFT RR- New app to Calculate Recurrence Risk in Cleft lip and Palate.

Objective: To describe the Cleft Recurrence Risk (Cleft RR) App, designed to be used on genetic counseling for cleft lip and/ or palate.

Design: A validation study, single cohort.

Setting: Tertiary care children's Hospital.

Genome-wide Association Study Identifies Novel Risk Loci for Apical Periodontitis.

Introduction: Apical periodontitis (AP) is a common consequence of root canal infection leading to periapical bone resorption. Microbial and host genetic factors and their interactions have been shown to play a role in AP development and progression. Variations in a few genes have been reported in association with AP; however, the lack of genome-wide studies has hindered progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms involved.

Patients Air Medical Transport During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Introduction: Air medical transport during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic was essential for transferring critically ill patients. This study aimed to comparatively analyze air-transported patients with and without coronavirus disease 2019 according to their clinical condition and complications that occurred during the flight.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study that analyzed the digital records of adult patients transported by fixed-wing aircraft from the interior of the state of Amazonas to the state capital Manaus, Brazil, from June 2019 to May 2021.

Polymorphism in epigenetic regulating genes in relation to periodontitis, number of teeth, and levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and glycated hemoglobin: The Tromsø Study 2015-2016.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between periodontitis and four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes involved in epigenetic regulation of DNA, and between these same SNPs and tooth loss, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels.

Methods: We included participants with periodontal examination (n = 3633, aged: 40-93 years) from the Tromsø Study seventh survey (2015-2016), Norway. Periodontitis was defined according to the 2017 AAP/EFP classification system as no periodontitis, grades A, B, or C.

TgKDAC4: A Unique Deacetylase of ' Apicoplast.

is an obligate intracellular parasite of the phylum Apicomplexa and causes toxoplasmosis infections, a disease that affects a quarter of the world's population and has no effective cure. Epigenetic regulation is one of the mechanisms controlling gene expression and plays an essential role in all organisms. Lysine deacetylases (KDACs) act as epigenetic regulators affecting gene silencing in many eukaryotes.

Chapter 4: Development Defects of Enamel and Dentine and Coronal Caries.

The development of the human dentition is prone to disruption due to its delicate and complex nature - including variations in tooth number and anatomical form and in the characteristics of enamel, dentine, and cementum. This chapter will focus on developmental defects of dental enamel (DDE) and dentine (DDD), which can be associated with considerable treatment burden on an individual, often related to the change in dental hard tissue characteristics in those at increased caries risk. DDE are prevalent and can be related to genetic conditions such as amelogenesis imperfecta and environmental challenges such as direct physical trauma to the developing tooth or systemic insults during the different phases of amelogenesis.

Association between molar hypomineralization, genes involved in enamel development, and medication in early childhood: A preliminary study.

Background: Molar hypomineralization (MH) is defined as a multifactorial condition, and thus, its presence may be defined by interactions between environmental and genetic factors.

Aim: To evaluate the association between MH, genes involved in enamel development, and the use of medication during pregnancy in early childhood.

Design: One hundred and eighteen children, 54 with and 64 without MH, were studied.

Heterozygous Variants in Are Associated with Mesiodens, Supernumerary Teeth, Oral Exostoses, and Odontomas.

Background: Supernumerary teeth refer to extra teeth that exceed the usual number of dentitions. A mesiodens is a particular form of supernumerary tooth, which is located in the premaxilla region. The objective of the study was to investigate the genetic etiology of extra tooth phenotypes, including mesiodens and isolated supernumerary teeth.

Pre- and peri-natal hurricane exposure alters DNA methylation patterns in children.

Hurricane Maria was the worst recorded natural disaster to affect Puerto Rico. Increased stress in pregnant women during and in the aftermath of the hurricane may have induced epigenetic changes in their infants, which could affect gene expression. Stage of gestation at the time of the event was associated with significant differences in DNA methylation in the infants, especially those who were at around 20-25 weeks of gestation when the hurricane struck.