Trends and Missing Links in (De)Hydration Research: A Narrative Review.

Despite decades of literature on (de)hydration in healthy individuals, many unanswered questions remain. To outline research and policy priorities, it is fundamental to recognize the literature trends on (de)hydration and identify current research gaps, which herein we aimed to pinpoint. From a representative sample of 180 (de)hydration studies with 4350 individuals, we found that research is mainly limited to small-scale laboratory-based sample sizes, with high variability in demographics (sex, age, and level of competition); to non-ecological (highly simulated and controlled) conditions; and with a focus on recreationally active male adults (e.

Therapeutics That Can Potentially Replicate or Augment the Anti-Aging Effects of Physical Exercise.

Globally, better health care access and social conditions ensured a significant increase in the life expectancy of the population. There is, however, a clear increase in the incidence of age-related diseases which, besides affecting the social and economic sustainability of countries and regions around the globe, leads to a decrease in the individual's quality of life. There is an urgent need for interventions that can reverse, or at least prevent and delay, the age-associated pathological deterioration.

European Portuguese Language and Cultural Validation of the Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Assessment Test.

Introduction: The chronic obstructive pulmonary disease assessment test (CAT) is a self-administered questionnaire that measures health-related quality of life. GOLD proposes using this questionnaire, since it provides thorough coverage of the impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on well-being. This questionnaire has been widely used in daily clinical practice in Portugal, but it lacks validation for European Portuguese.

Effect of physical activity and exercise on telomere length: Systematic review with meta-analysis.

Purpose: To compare a physically active lifestyle or structured exercise program to physically inactive lifestyle or control groups on telomere length (TL).

Method: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Open Gray databases up to March 31, 2020. We calculated standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) of TL comparing physically active to physically inactive individuals and exercise intervention to control groups.

Confirmatory Evaluation of the Modified Medical Research Council Questionnaire for Assessment of Dyspnea in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Portugal.

Introduction: The Modified British Medical Research Council Questionnaire is considered an adequate and simple measure of breathlessness in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It is widely used in clinical practice in Portugal, but it still lacks confirmatory evaluation for the Portuguese setting. The aim of this study was to perform a cultural adaptation and validation of the Modified British Medical Research Council Questionnaire so that its most suitable version can be made available to researchers and clinicians in Portugal.

Menstrual pattern and contraceptive choices of Portuguese athletes.

Objectives: Menstrual symptoms are commonly cited barriers to physical activity in women. Delay or avoidance of menstruation through hormonal contraceptives may mitigate those barriers. Our purpose is to identify the uterine bleeding patterns of Portuguese athletes, their contraceptive choices and the impact of contraceptive methods in sports performance.

STOP-Bang and NoSAS questionnaires as a screening tool for OSA: which one is the best choice?

Introduction: Currently there has been significant growth in the number of patients with suspected obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) referred to sleep clinics. In this sense, screening and stratification methods of the severity of this pathology have become increasingly relevant.

Objective: To evaluate the performance of the NoSAS and STOP-Bang scores in the screening of OSA in a sleep clinic.

Physical Activity Promotion Tools in the Portuguese Primary Health Care: An Implementation Research.

Background: This paper aims to discuss how physical activity (PA) brief assessment, brief counseling, and self-monitoring tools were designed and implemented in the Portuguese National Health Service (NHS), and to report on their current use by health professionals and citizens.

Methods: Three digital tools to facilitate PA promotion in primary health care (PHC) were developed: 1) a PA brief assessment tool was incorporated in the electronic health record platform "SClínico Cuidados de Saúde Primários"; 2) a brief counseling tool was developed in the software "PEM-Prescrição Eletrónica Médica" (electronic medical prescription); and 3) a "Physical Activity Card" was incorporated in an official NHS smartphone app called "MySNS Carteira".

Results: From September 2017 to June 2019, 119,386 Portuguese patients had their PA assessed in PHC.

Late-Night Salivary Cortisol: Cut-Off Definition and Diagnostic Accuracy for Cushing's Syndrome in a Portuguese Population.

Introduction: Diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome remains a challenge in clinical endocrinology. Even though late-night salivary cortisol is used as screening tool, individualized cut-off levels for each population must be defined.

Material And Methods: Three groups of subjects were studied: normal subjects, suspected and proven Cushing's syndrome.

Identification of Normal and Injured Anterolateral Ligaments of the Knee: A Systematic Review of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies.

Purpose: To identify the normal and injured magnetic resonance imaging appearance of the anterolateral ligament (ALL).

Methods: A systematic review was performed using PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. The PubMed and Cochrane Library electronic databases were used to search for studies that reported the imaging outcomes of the appearance of the ALL.

Aging Hallmarks: The Benefits of Physical Exercise.

World population has been continuously increasing and progressively aging. Aging is characterized by a complex and intraindividual process associated with nine major cellular and molecular hallmarks, namely, genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, a loss of proteostasis, deregulated nutrient sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, and altered intercellular communication. This review exposes the positive antiaging impact of physical exercise at the cellular level, highlighting its specific role in attenuating the aging effects of each hallmark.

STOP-Bang questionnaire: the validation of a Portuguese version as a screening tool for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in primary care.

Introduction: The growing number of suspected patients diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) that are observed in sleep units has increased in the last decade. Therefore, screening methods have become important, especially in primary care (PC).

Aim: This work aimed to test the performance of the STOP-Bang questionnaire for the suspicion/diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea.