Daptomycin and vancomycin heteroresistance revealed among CC5-SCCmecII MRSA clone and in vitro evaluation of treatment alternatives.

Objectives: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a threat to the success of clinical treatment. Besides high antimicrobial resistance rates, the presence of heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (hVISA) and heterogeneous daptomycin-non-susceptible S.

Mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and actin filament behavior after PDT with chloroaluminum phthalocyanine liposomal in HeLa cells.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) for cancer is a therapeutic modality in the treatment of tumors in which visible light is used to activate a photosensitizer. Cell membranes have been identified as an important intracellular target for singlet oxygen produced during the photochemical pathway. This study analyzed the cytotoxicity in specific cellular targets of a photosensitizer used in PDT in vitro.