Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract
January 2025
Diagnostic imaging can provide essential evidence supporting the diagnosis of endocrine diseases in exotic companion animals. The specific modality chosen depends on species, specific disease process/organ affected, equipment availability, and often, cost to the owner. While radiography is widely available in veterinary practices, the sensitivity for visualization of endocrine organs is low.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRadiolabeled small-molecule DOTA-haptens can be combined with antitumor/anti-DOTA bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) for pretargeted radioimmunotherapy (PRIT). For optimized delivery of the theranostic γ- and β-emitting isotope Lu with DOTA-based PRIT (DOTA-PRIT), bivalent Gemini (DOTA-Bn-thiourea-PEG4-thiourea-Bn-DOTA, aka (3,6,9,12-tetraoxatetradecane-1,14-diyl)bis(DOTA-benzyl thiourea)) was developed. Gemini was synthesized by linking 2 -2-(4-isothiocyanatobenzyl)-DOTA molecules together via a 1,14-diamino-PEG4 linker.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Shortening of the colon has been described in cats, but its imaging and clinicopathological features remain poorly understood.
Objectives: Description of the signalment, clinical presentation, imaging, endoscopic and histological features of short colon syndrome in cats.
Animals: Ninety-three cats diagnosed with short colon.
Rounded atelectasis is well described in human medicine as focal lung deformation and collapse secondary to inflammatory pleural effusions and pleuritis. Specific CT features (round to ovoid soft tissue pulmonary attenuations, creation of an acute angle with the adjoining visceral pleura, and the presence of perinodular comet tail signs) support the diagnosis of rounded atelectasis in humans so that further diagnostic workup is not necessary in defining the nodules. In this retrospective case series, we described the CT characteristics of rounded atelectasis in eight cats and three dogs diagnosed with restrictive pleuritis secondary to either a chylothorax or pyothorax.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA 13-year-old Maltese dog was presented for inspiratory stertor. A computed tomography evaluation was performed and revealed an osteoproductive lesion primarily centered over the frontal bone with infiltration of the adjacent maxillary and nasal bones, focal intracranial invasion, and an associated broad-based, contrastenhancing, extra-axial lesion along the longitudinal cerebral fissure. Rhinoscopic and incisional biopsies of the paranasal mass were obtained, and a meningioma was diagnosed histologically.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSubungual keratoacanthoma (SK) is a digital neoplasm that has rarely been reported in dogs and carries an excellent prognosis following surgical removal. Radiographic features of canine SK have only been briefly discussed in two prior case reports. Both articles described extensive distal phalangeal osteolysis, a feature more commonly associated with malignant digital neoplasms (e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn collaboration with the American College of Veterinary Radiology.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFXanthogranulomatosis is an inflammatory lesion characterized by lipid-containing macrophages, extracellular lipid, hemorrhage, and necrosis. We describe disseminated intracoelomic xanthogranulomatosis in 5 eclectus parrots () and 2 budgerigars (). Postmortem, clinicopathologic, and historical case material was reviewed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA juvenile intact female ornate box turtle () was referred for evaluation of right-sided appendicular swelling that was nonresponsive to antimicrobial therapy. Computed tomography (CT) revealed severe soft tissue swelling of the limbs and neck, with multiple associated tortuous gas-filled sinus tracts extending from the cutaneous surface, which contained oblong soft tissue attenuating structures. These CT findings were most consistent with migrating dipterous larvae.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: The aim of this study was to determine whether preoperative ultrasound imaging characteristic(s) in cats suffering from unilateral benign ureteral obstructions are predictive of outcome after successful renal decompression with a subcutaneous ureteral bypass (SUB) device.
Methods: This was a retrospective study of 37 cats with unilateral, benign ureteral obstruction. Preoperative imaging characteristics (including renal pelvis diameter, parenchymal thickness [transverse plane], renal length and pelvic size:overall renal size) and biochemical data were evaluated for all cats diagnosed with a unilateral ureteral obstruction treated with a SUB device.
Clinical signs of liver lobe torsion in rabbits are often nonspecific and mimic those that are also generally detected with gastrointestinal stasis. Nonspecific clinical signs may result in pursuit of full-body imaging such as computed tomography (CT). The aim of this multicenter, retrospective, case series study was to describe CT findings of liver lobe torsion in a group of rabbits.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCase Description: A 15-year-old 0.412-kg (0.906-lb) sexually intact male eclectus parrot () was evaluated because its owners found it lethargic and dyspneic at the bottom of its cage.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFXanthogranulomatous disease is a rare condition, which can be caused by infection, inflammation, hemorrhage, immunologic disease, or inherited lysosomal disorders. It is characterized by non-intracellular lipid and cholesterol deposits among an inflammatory infiltrate of vacuolated macrophages and giant cells. The diagnosis of xanthogranulomatous disease is challenging, with nonspecific imaging findings often misinterpreted as aggressive neoplastic processes in humans.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis retrospective case series describes the radiographic features of suspected suture-associated cystic calculi in six dogs with a history of at least one or multiple prior cystotomies. One of the dogs presented twice. Suspected suture-associated cystic calculi were multifocal, short, predominantly linear mineral opacities localized in the center of the urinary bladder on abdominal radiographs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe aim of this retrospective reference interval observational study was to determine the mensuration of the pituitary gland (hypophysis cerebri) by analyzing CT studies in rabbits without clinical evidence of pituitary disease or central neurologic signs. Though diseases of the rabbit pituitary gland are uncommon, the pituitary gland is essential in regulation of the rabbit's endocrine system, as in other species. Currently, there are minimal published studies that detail the rabbit head anatomy on cross-sectional imaging, and even less specifically examining the pituitary gland.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Dogs with tracheal stents often have positive airway bacterial cultures. The pathogenicity of these organisms and risk factors for infection have not been investigated.
Objective: Describe bacterial infection in dogs with tracheal collapse before and after tracheal stent placement.
Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) scans were performed in clinically healthy, nonanesthetized, standing little penguins () to determine reference ranges for air-sac and lung volumes, as well as lung density. Five of 15 clinically healthy birds were diagnosed with pulmonary granulomas on initial MDCT scans. Granulomas were not readily apparent on radiographs, even in cases where the entire normal pulmonary parenchymal architecture was effaced on the MDCT scan.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA 25-year-old female yellow-naped Amazon parrot ( Amazona auropalliata) was presented for an acute onset of lethargy, ptyalism, and regurgitation. Results of hematologic testing and plasma biochemical analysis revealed severe leukopenia and heteropenia with toxic heterophils and marked hyperamylasemia and hypoproteinemia, consistent with gastrointestinal dysfunction. Survey radiograph findings were suggestive of coelomic effusion.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCanine ultrasonographic intestinal layers have been reported to correlate with histological layering. However, discrepancies have been reported in people, and additional layers visualized. The aim of this method comparison study was to describe ex vivo canine small intestinal layering and correlate it with histology.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOff-site consultations by board-certified veterinary radiologists benefit residents and emergency clinicians by providing immediate feedback and potentially improving patient outcome. Smartphone devices and compressed images transmitted by email or text greatly facilitate availability of these off-site consultations. Criticism of a smartphone interface for off-site consultation is mostly directed at image degradation relative to the standard radiographic viewing room and monitors.
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