Growth hormone directly favors hepatic ketogenesis in persons with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with empagliflozin.

Purpose: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors increase glucagon secretion by pancreatic alpha cells and the susceptibility to ketoacidosis. On the other hand, growth hormone (GH) stimulates peripheral lipolysis and provides free fatty acids (FFA) for ketogenesis; however, it remains unresolved whether GH directly impacts hepatic ketogenesis. We aimed to investigate the role of physiologic GH levels in promoting ketogenesis in prediabetic or type 2 diabetic patients under empagliflozin treatment.

Silver serum levels in burned patients treated with silver sulfadiazine and its toxicity on inflammatory cells.

Background: Silver sulfadiazine (SSD) has been widely used in burned patients for the prevention of local infections. To be biologically active and exert antimicrobial properties, silver needs to be present in the form of silver ions (Ag) that bind to negatively charged proteins, namely, the RNA and DNA in microorganisms. However, previous published studies conducted with SSD in the 1990s reported a high level of silver absorption through damaged skin and noted the potential cytotoxicity of Ag to human cells.

Clinical, hormonal, ovarian, and genetic aspects of 46,XX patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to CYP17A1 defects.

Objective: To perform a clinical, biochemical, and molecular evaluation of patients with CYP17A1 defects, including ovarian imaging.

Design: Retrospective study.

Setting: Tertiary care center.

Adrenocorticotropic hormone but not high-density lipoprotein cholesterol or salivary cortisol was a predictor of adrenal insufficiency in patients with septic shock.

Relative adrenal insufficiency in sepsis has been extensively debated on; however, accurate diagnosis and therapeutic intervention remain controversial. The authors aimed to evaluate adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), salivary cortisol, total cortisol and estimated plasma-free cortisol, cholesterol, and lipoproteins as predictors of adrenal insufficiency in patients within 24 h of septic shock diagnosis. This prospective study evaluated all hospitalized patients older than 18 years who developed septic shock and were using vasoactive drugs within 24 h of diagnosis.

Impaired antioxidant action of high density lipoprotein in patients with type 1 diabetes with normoalbuminuria and microalbuminuria.

Aims: Patients with type 1 diabetes, in the absence of chronic complications, have serum concentrations of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) similar to the general population. However, their HDL particles may be dysfunctional. We aimed to evaluate the antioxidant effect of HDL2 and HDL3 obtained from Caucasian males with type 1 diabetes with normoalbuminuria and microalbuminuria.

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and associated risk factors in Brazilian schoolchildren.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in schoolchildren from 6 to 16 years old, while considering their socio-economic status and other potential risk factors.

Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted between April and November of 2005 in a semi-rural city with a total population of 13,000 inhabitants.

Setting: The study was conducted in Maracai city, located in the Brazilian state of Sao Paulo.