Publications by authors named "Alexandre Heurteau"
Pervasive transcription of the human genome generates an abundance of RNAs that must be processed and degraded. The nuclear RNA exosome is the main RNA degradation machinery in the nucleus. However, nuclear exosome must be recruited to its substrates by targeting complexes, such as NEXT or PAXT.
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- Cell type-specific barcoding relies on the establishment of heterochromatin domains that suppress gene activity through the presence of repressive complexes, which limit chromatin accessibility.
- The study reveals that the depletion of certain histone methyltransferases (dMes-4/NSD and Hypb/dSet2) leads to increased levels of H3K27me3 at heterochromatin borders, contributing to gene repression.
- Additionally, dMes-4/NSD affects genes near insulators and TADs, while Hypb/dSet2 functions independently from these structures, indicating that H3K36me plays a key role in safeguarding genes from silencing by H3K27me3.
Article Synopsis
- The histone variant macroH2A1.1 is important in cancer development and impacts gene expression in breast cancer cells.
- It binds to active regions of the genome, specifically at promoters and enhancers, and can either suppress or stimulate gene transcription depending on the surrounding chromatin structure.
- The protein helps regulate the transition of paused RNA polymerase II into an active state, influencing the expression of genes related to tumor cell migration without altering enhancer-promoter interactions.
Background: DNA inside eukaryotic cells wraps around histones to form the 11nm chromatin fiber that can further fold into higher-order DNA loops, which may depend on the binding of architectural factors. Predicting how the DNA will fold given a distribution of bound factors, here viewed as a type of sequence, is currently an unsolved problem and several heterogeneous polymer models have shown that many features of the measured structure can be reproduced from simulations. However a model that determines the optimal connection between sequence and structure and that can rapidly assess the effects of varying either one is still lacking.
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