Evaluation of Artificial Intelligence-Based Gleason Grading Algorithms "in the Wild".

The biopsy Gleason score is an important prognostic marker for prostate cancer patients. It is, however, subject to substantial variability among pathologists. Artificial intelligence (AI)-based algorithms employing deep learning have shown their ability to match pathologists' performance in assigning Gleason scores, with the potential to enhance pathologists' grading accuracy.

Expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in human pituitary neuroendocrine tumor.

Objective: To explore the programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in varied subtypes of pituitary neuroendocrine tumors with assessment of their clinical behavior at diagnosis and follow-up.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective monocentric study, including all patients operated in the Academic Hospital of Angers (France) for a pituitary neuroendocrine tumor between 2012 and 2018. PDL-1 immunostaining was performed using a European Conformity-In Vitro Diagnostic-labeled anti-PDL1 antibody (clone 22C3).