Identification of Viruses in Bats from the Brazilian Amazon: A Descriptive Metagenomic Analysis.

Bats are widely distributed in Brazil, including the Amazon region, and their association with viral pathogens is well-known. This work aimed to evaluate the metavirome in samples of sp. bats captured in the Brazilian Amazon from 2019 to 2021.

Histopathological and molecular methods as complementary diagnostic in case of lymphadenopathies suggestive of bovine tuberculosis.

Bovine tuberculosis (TB) is a chronically evolving zoonotic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium bovis. Anatomopathological examination during post mortem inspection in bovines is the main resource engaged in sanitary slaughter; however, it is very troublesome since many granulomatous inflammatory processes have similar morphological characteristics. Thus, this study aims to use complementary diagnosis methods (histopathological and polymerase chain reaction - PCR assays) to confirm the macroscopic assessment of lymphadenopathies indicative of tuberculosis in bovines slaughtered in a refrigerated slaughterhouse in Tailândia city, PA, Brazil.

The addition of different oils in the diet regulates the expression of adipocytokine signaling genes in sheep longissimus dorsi muscle.

Nutrition is an important factor that regulates the expression of several genes. The aim of this work was to analyze the effects of diets containing additions of different oils on the regulation of the adipocytokine signaling gene expressions in sheep longissimus dorsi muscle. Forty males and non-neutered sheep were kept in individual cages and fed under four different treatments: control treatment (concentrate and forage) and the other three treatments containing the concentrate and forage plus 4% oil (yellow grease, soybean and palm oils).

Arboviruses in Free-Ranging Birds and Hematophagous Arthropods (Diptera, Nematocera) from Forest Remnants and Urbanized Areas of an Environmental Protection Area in the Amazon Biome.

The rapid and disorderly urbanization in the Amazon has resulted in the insertion of forest fragments into cities, causing the circulation of arboviruses, which can involve hematophagous arthropods and free-ranging birds in the transmission cycles in urban environments. This study aimed to evaluate the circulation of arboviruses in free-ranging birds and hematophagous arthropods captured in an Environmental Protection Area in the Belem metropolitan area, Brazil. Birds were captured using mist nets, and hematophagous arthropods were collected using a human protected attraction technique and light traps.

Challenges of Rabies Surveillance in the Eastern Amazon: The Need of a One Health Approach to Predict Rabies Spillover.

Brazil has been promoting essential improvements in health indicators by implementing free-access health programs, which successfully reduced the prevalence of neglected zoonosis in urban areas, such as rabies. Despite constant efforts from the authorities to monitor and control the disease, sylvatic rabies is a current issue in Amazon's communities. The inequalities among Amazon areas challenge the expansion of high-tech services and limit the implementation of active laboratory surveillance to effectively avoid outbreaks in human and non-human hosts, which also reproduces a panorama of vulnerability in risk communities.

Molecular epidemiology of mycobacteria among herds in Marajó Island, Brazil, reveals strains genetically related and potential zoonotic risk of clinical relevance.

Mycobacterium bovis is the main causative agent of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) being among the animal-adapted Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Herds can also be infected with non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) causing a negative effect on the economy and on animal and human health through zoonotic infections. Molecular tools are required for mycobacteria identification; thus, it is laborious to determine the epidemiological information of mycobacteria among herds.

Factors associated with the prevalence of antibodies against Brucella abortus in water buffaloes from Santarém, Lower Amazon region, Brazil.

We evaluated the factors associated with the prevalence of antibodies against Brucella abortus in buffaloes in the municipality of Santarém, Western Pará, northern Brazil. The study was conducted on 60 farms, representing 25.8% of the total buffalo farms in the region.

Effect of gluten diet on blood innate immune gene expressions and stool consistency in Spix's Saddleback Tamarin (Leontocebus fuscicollis) raised in captivity.

The callitrichids are non-human primates that feed on insects and plant matter in nature, but in captivity, they are fed mostly an artificial diet containing amounts of gluten, in their toxic forms in items such as wheat, barley and rye. The aim of this research was to estimate the blood β-defensin and Toll like receptor 5 (TLR5) gene expressions and to analyze the stool consistency (firm, soft, diarrheic) in Leontocebus fuscicollis raised in captivity. Blood samples of animals under gluten-free and gluten diets were collected and their fecal output quality was periodically monitored and classified during the course of the study.

Clinical and serological tests for arboviruses in free-living domestic pigeons (Columba livia).

Background: In this study, we evaluated the role of free-living domestic pigeons (Columba livia) as a reservoir of arboviruses in the city of Belém, state of Pará, Brazil. We investigated the presence of antibodies against the most prevalent arboviruses.

Objectives: This study was aimed at evaluating some clinical and physical parameters of domestic pigeons, including the presence of antibodies to Amazon-endemic arboviruses.

Diagnosis of arboviruses using indirect sandwich IgG ELISA in horses from the Brazilian Amazon.

Background: The Amazon as a whole is the largest reservoir of arboviruses worldwide, while the Brazilian Amazon hosts the largest variety of arboviruses isolated to date. In this study, the results of an indirect sandwich IgG ELISA, standardized for 19 arbovirustypes circulating among horses in Brazilian Amazon, were compared to results of the hemagglutination inhibition test. A screening test assessed the conditional probability distribution and a Pearson linear correlation test determined the correlation strength among the absorbance values recorded for viruses from the same family.

Seroprevalence of flaviviruses antibodies in water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in Brazilian Amazon.

Background: The state of Pará encompasses 26% of Brazilian Amazon where an enormous diversity of arboviruses has been found. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and distribution of hemagglutination-inhibition antibodies against antigens of six Flavivirus (yellow fever virus, Ilheus virus, Saint Louis encephalitis virus, Cacipacore virus, Bussuquara virus and Rocio virus) in water buffaloes in Pará state, Brazil. The prevalence of antibodies in these farm animals is important to determine the circulating arboviruses.

Changuinola Virus Serogroup, New Genomes within the Genus Orbivirus (Family Reoviridae) Isolated in the Brazilian Amazon Region.

We report here the first complete genome sequence of a Changuinola virus (CGLV) serotype Irituia virus (BE AN 28873) isolated from a wild rodent (Oryzomys goeldi) in the municipality of Ipixuna, State of Pará, northern Brazil. All genome segments showed similarity with those belonging to members of the genus Orbivirus, family Reoviridae.