The differential tolerance of C3 and C4 cereals to aluminum toxicity is faded under future CO climate.

Industrial activities have led to a gradual and global increase in soil aluminum (Al) and atmospheric CO concentrations. Al bioavailability strongly depends on the soil pH, which in turn is affected by atmospheric CO levels. In spite of the concurrent impact which Al and elevated CO (eCO) could have on plants, their interaction and how it might affect the growth of economically important crop species has not been investigated.