Swiss Consensus on Prenatal and Early Postnatal Urinary Tract Dilation: Practical Approach and When to Refer.

Urinary tract dilations (UTDs) are the most frequent prenatal renal anomaly. The spectrum of etiologies causing UTD ranges from mild spontaneously resolving obstruction to severe upper and lower urinary tract obstruction or reflux. The early recognition and management of these anomalies allows for improved renal endowment prenatally and ultimately better outcome for the child.

[Solitary kidney: a risk factor for hypertension].

In patients with solitary kidney, either congenital or acquired, compensatory mechanisms come into play to maintain renal function, such as glomerular hyperfiltration and hypertrophy and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activation. In the long term, these mechanisms lead to arterial hypertension and then chronic kidney disease. The risk of arterial hypertension is greater in cases of congenital single kidney or of nephrectomy in childhood than in adulthood.

Early urine output monitoring in very preterm infants to predict in-hospital neonatal outcomes: a bicentric retrospective cohort study.

Objective: To evaluate whether urine output (UO), rarely assessed in the literature, is associated with relevant neonatal outcomes in very preterm infants, and which UO threshold may be the most clinically relevant.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Two Level IV neonatal intensive care units.

Urine Output Monitoring for the Diagnosis of Early-Onset Acute Kidney Injury in Very Preterm Infants.

Background And Objectives: The current threshold used for oliguria in the definition of neonatal AKI has been empirically defined as 1 ml/kg per hour. Urine output criteria are generally poorly documented, resulting in uncertainty in the most accurate threshold to identify AKI in very preterm infants with known tubular immaturity.

Design, Setting, Participants, & Measurements: We conducted a bicentric study including 473 very preterm infants (24-29 weeks of gestation) born between January 2014 and December 2018 with urine output measurements every 3 hours during the first 7 days of life and two serum creatinine measurements during the first 10 days of life.

Hypovitaminosis D in migrant children in Switzerland: a retrospective study.

Cholecalciferol (vitamin D) is essentially known for its role in the phosphocalcic metabolism and its associated pathologies, such as rickets. In Switzerland, 35 to 50% of children are vitamin D deficient. Due to skin colour, poor nutrition, living conditions and cultural practices, migrant population is particularly at risk.

Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin distribution in preterm newborns without acute kidney injury as defined by a reference method.

Introduction: Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) has been proposed as an early acute kidney injury (AKI) biomarker in the neonatal population. Our goal is to describe this biomarker behavior in this high-risk population, in absence of AKI as confirmed by inulin clearance.

Materials And Methods: Prospective study including 42 preterm newborns (mean gestational age: 30.

Renal follow-up in pediatrician practice after discharge from neonatology units: about a survey.

There is growing evidences of long-term renal and cardiovascular consequences of prematurity, intra-uterine growth restriction, and neonatal acute kidney injury (AKI). We performed an online survey to describe current pediatric management in this population, sent to 148 ambulatory pediatricians in Geneva. Among the 40% of pediatricians who completed the survey, 43% modify their blood pressure measurement practice in case of neonatal acute kidney injury, 24% and 19% in a context of prematurity or intra-uterine growth restriction, respectively.

Variables of interest to predict glomerular filtration rate in preterm newborns in the first days of life.

Background: Measurement of neonatal renal function is challenging, and accurate, easy-to-use markers to estimate glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) are lacking. This study aimed to evaluate principal determinants of GFR in neonates and develop a predictive equation.

Methods: GFR was measured, using single injection inulin clearance, at median day 3 of life in 48 newborns.

Early Urinary Biomarkers in Pediatric Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD): No Evidence in the Interest of Urinary Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (uNGAL).

Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) is increasingly diagnosed during childhood by the presence of renal cysts in patients with a positive familial history. No curative treatment is available and early detection and diagnosis confronts pediatricians with the lack of early markers to decide whether to introduce renal-protective agents and prevent the progression of renal failure. Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) is a tubular protein that has been recently proposed as an early biomarker of renal impairment in the ADPKD adult population.

[Vitamin D deficiency and rickets : screening and treatment, practical aspects for clinicians].

Vitamin D deficiency is increasing in Switzerland. If cases of rickets are scarce, pediatricians are often dealing with patients presenting vitamin D deficiency. The increase in vitamin D deficiency is certainly due to modification of life habits in recent decades.

On the relationship between proteinuria and plasma phosphate.

Albuminuria is strongly associated with renal and cardiovascular outcomes independently of renal function level. However, the pathophysiology of these associations is debated. In chronic kidney disease (CKD), phosphate retention participates in cardiovascular events and increased cardiovascular mortality.

Optimizing seroprotection against pneumococcus in children with nephrotic syndrome using the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine.

Background: Infections are among the main life-threatening complications in patients with nephrotic syndrome (NS), in particular with Streptococcus pneumoniae, the first cause of bacterial peritonitis and sepsis in these patients. This study aims to evaluate the baseline seroprotection of NS patients against S. pneumoniae, and immunize them with the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) regardless of disease activity and previous immunization history, in order to evaluate the immunogenicity, safety profile, and effect of NS treatment on vaccine responses.

Proteinuria Increases Plasma Phosphate by Altering Its Tubular Handling.

Proteinuria and hyperphosphatemia are cardiovascular risk factors independent of GFR. We hypothesized that proteinuria induces relative phosphate retention via increased proximal tubule phosphate reabsorption. To test the clinical relevance of this hypothesis, we studied phosphate handling in nephrotic children and patients with CKD.

Successful use of bisphosphonate and calcimimetic in neonatal severe primary hyperparathyroidism.

Neonatal primary hyperparathyroidism (NPHT) is associated with an inactivating homozygous mutation of the calcium sensing receptor (CaSR). The CaSR is expressed most abundantly in the parathyroid glands and the kidney and regulates calcium homeostasis through its ability to modulate parathormone secretion and renal calcium reabsorption. NPHT leads to life threatening hypercalcemia, nephrocalcinosis, bone demineralization, and neurologic disabilities.

Encephalitis associated with glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies in a child: a treatable condition?

Objective: To increase the recognition of glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies-related encephalitis in childhood.

Design: Case report and review of the literature.

Patient: A 6-year-old girl who had developed refractory seizures, developmental regression, and type 1 diabetes mellitus at age 25 months.

[Henoch-Schönlein Purpura a dual follow up between pediatrician and pediatric nephrologist].

Henoch-Schönlein purpura is a well known paediatric disease characterized by the classic triad: purpura, arthritis and abdominal pain. Short term prognosis is excellent and is mostly dependant on abdominal complications. Long term morbidity depends essentially on the severity of renal involvement which occurs in 35% of cases.