Management of Indeterminate Thyroid Nodules: A Model Comparing Surgery, Molecular Testing, and Observation.

Objective: Optimal management of indeterminate nodules remains a controversial area of endocrine surgery. The purpose of this study is to compare observation, molecular testing, and immediate thyroid surgery for the management of Bethesda Classes III and IV nodules in patients age 50 to 90 years.

Study Design: A decision analysis was performed from April 22, 2021, to September 29, 2023, using a Markov model constructed with TreeAgePro 2023.

Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy With Immediate Reconstruction After Breast-Conserving Therapy and Radiation: Complications and Oncologic Safety.

Introduction: Nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) offers improved, patient-centered outcomes with demonstrated oncologic safety ( Ann Surg Oncol 2020;27:344-351). Indications for NSM continue to expand to patients outside of the traditional eligibility criteria, including those with prior breast-conserving therapy (BCT) with radiotherapy. Currently, limited data exist evaluating both short- and long-term outcomes in patients proceeding to NSM after prior BCT.

Reliability of Home Sleep Apnea Testing for Diagnosing Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Patients With Spontaneous Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks.

Study Objectives:  To establish the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in patients with spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (sCSF) leaks and demonstrate the reliability of home sleep apnea testing (HSAT) to screen for OSA in this population.

Methods: A literature review was performed to assess data on OSA prevalence in sCSF leaks. An institutional retrospective review was performed of 20 patients with sCSF leaks who met inclusion criteria.

Analyzing Diversity Elements on Otolaryngology Residency Program Websites.

Objective: To investigate how the internet presence of Otolaryngology residency programs influences recruitment of diverse applicants.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Website, Instagram, and AAMC Residency Explorer data from all US, non-military, allopathic otolaryngology residency programs.

Review of Autologous Fat Grafting in Postmastectomy Reconstruction Patients: Nonroutine Diagnostics and Oncologic Safety.

Unlabelled: Autologous fat grafting (FG) is increasingly used as an adjunctive reconstruction technique to augment volume, achieve symmetry, and improve contour deformities. This study aims to characterize the oncologic and surgical safety of FG in women undergoing autologous breast reconstruction (ABR) or implant-based reconstruction (IBR).

Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed for all patients undergoing FG at a multi-site single health system between 2015 to 2018.

Rimegepant for the treatment of migraine.

Migraine is a common form of primary headache, affecting up to 1 in every 6 Americans. The pathophysiology is an intricate interplay of genetic factors and environmental influence and is still being elucidated in ongoing studies. The trigeminovascular system is now known to have a significant role in the initiation of migraines, including the release of pain mediators such as CGRP and substance P.

Health Disparities in Otology: A PRISMA-Based Systematic Review.

Objective: Social determinants of health (SDOHs), including but not limited to sex, race, socioeconomic status, insurance status, and education level, play a significant role in health disparities and affect health outcomes. The purpose of this systematic review is to examine health disparities in otology within the United States and highlight areas warranting further research.

Data Sources: PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE.

Fireworks Injuries to the Head and Neck: A Retrospective Analysis Between 2008 and 2017.

This study examines firework-associated head and neck injuries in the United States from 2008 to 2017 obtained from a single epidemiology source. The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) was used to collect epidemiologic data and retrospectively analyze firework-associated injuries from 2008 to 2017. Injury types included burns, concussions, contusions, foreign bodies, hematomas, internal organ injury, lacerations, and puncture wounds.

Efficacy of Acupuncture in the Treatment of Chronic Abdominal Pain.

Context: Abdominal pain is a widespread complaint and is one of the common reasons leading patients to seek medical care, either in emergency situations or with their primary providers. While acute abdominal pain is a better defined, usually surgical condition, chronic abdominal pain requires longer, typically lifelong, therapy. Chronic abdominal pain may also present with acute flares and complications.

An updated review of the epidemiological factors associated with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis.

Objectives: To identify studies evaluating the epidemiology of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP), including patient demographics, human papillomavirus (HPV) immunology, clinical course, surgical and medical treatments, and psychosocial factors.

Methods: A systematic literature search through PubMed was performed to identify studies evaluating the epidemiological factors associated with RRP. All studies were screened through a priori selection criteria using the titles and abstracts.

Critical Evaluation of Trends in Otolaryngology Resident Caseload by Subspecialty from 2005 to 2019.

Background: Subspecialty caseloads logged by otolaryngology residents over the last 15 years is currently unknown. This study examines the trends at the national level.

Methods: Otolaryngology case log data was collected from the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) from 2005 to 2019.

Istradefylline to Treat Patients with Parkinson's Disease Experiencing "Off" Episodes: A Comprehensive Review.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder that leads to significant morbidity and disability. PD is caused by a loss of dopaminergic, cholinergic, serotonergic, and noradrenergic neurons in the central nervous system (CNS), and peripherally; the syndromic parkinsonism symptoms of movement disorder, gait disorder, rigidity and tremor are mostly driven by the loss of these neurons in the basal ganglia. Unfortunately, a significant proportion of patients taking levodopa, the standard of care treatment for PD, will begin to experience a decrease in effectiveness at varying times.