Long-term outcomes of deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant schizophrenia: Exploring potential targets.

Background: Schizophrenia is a complex and disabling disorder. Around 30% of patients have treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS).

Objective: This study summarizes the outcomes after three years follow-up of the first series of patients with TRS treated with deep brain stimulation (DBS) and discuss surgical, clinical and imaging analysis.

Exploration of cannabis use and polygenic risk scores on the psychotic symptom progression of a FEP cohort.

Cannabis use is highly prevalent in first-episode psychosis (FEP) and plays a critical role in its onset and prognosis, but the genetic underpinnings promoting both conditions are poorly understood. Current treatment strategies for cannabis cessation in FEP are clearly inefficacious. Here, we aimed to characterize the association between cannabis-related polygenic risk scores (PRS) on cannabis use and clinical course after a FEP.

Obstetric complications and genetic risk for schizophrenia: Differential role of antenatal and perinatal events in first episode psychosis.

Background: Obstetric complications (OCs) are key contributors to psychosis risk. However, it is unclear whether they increase psychosis vulnerability independently of genetic risk, in interaction with it, or are a manifestation of psychosis proneness. We examined the role of distinct types of OCs in terms of psychosis risk and tested whether they interact differently with genetic vulnerability, whilst accounting for other known environmental risk factors.

Relapse of first-episode schizophrenia patients and neurocognitive impairment: The role of dopaminergic and anticholinergic burden.

Background: The prevention of relapse may be a key factor to diminish the cognitive impairment of first-episode schizophrenia (FES) patients. We aimed to ascertain the effects of relapse, and dopaminergic and anticholinergic treatment burdens on cognitive functioning in the follow-up.

Methods: Ninety-nine FES patients participated in this study.

Link between cognitive polygenic risk scores and clinical progression after a first-psychotic episode.

Background: Clinical intervention in early stages of psychotic disorders is crucial for the prevention of severe symptomatology trajectories and poor outcomes. Genetic variability is studied as a promising modulator of prognosis, thus novel approaches considering the polygenic nature of these complex phenotypes are required to unravel the mechanisms underlying the early progression of the disorder.

Methods: The sample comprised of 233 first-episode psychosis (FEP) subjects with clinical and cognitive data assessed periodically for a 2-year period and 150 matched controls.

[Olanzapine long-acting post-injection syndrome: a case report and brief review].

The introduction of long-acting injectable atypical antipsychotics has ensured adherence to treatment in patients with low awareness of the disorder, with an acceptable rate of side effects. In the case of long acting olanzapine injection in particular, has particular relevance the existence of a special side-effect called post-injection syndrome. This rare side effect consisting in the presence of symptoms of olanzapine overdose after intramuscular administration of medication has led to restrictions on the use of the drug and the need for patient observation for three hours after each injection.