The Ability of Paramedics to Accurately Locate Correct Anatomical Sites for Intraosseous Needle Insertion.

Introduction Intraosseous (IO) access is an alternative to peripheral intravenous access, in which a needle is inserted through the cortical bone into the medullary space using either a manual driver or an electric drill. Although studies report high success rates of IO access, failures are often attributed to incorrect site placement due to failure to adhere to anatomical landmarks. This study was designed to evaluate the ability of paramedics to locate the correct anatomic location for IO needle insertion.

Cux1 promotes cell proliferation and polycystic kidney disease progression in an ADPKD mouse model.

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is one of the most common monogenic hereditary disorders in humans characterized by fluid-filled cysts, primarily in the kidneys. Cux1, a cell cycle regulatory gene highly expressed during kidney development, is elevated in the cyst-lining cells of Pkd1 mutant mice, and in human ADPKD cells. However, forced expression of Cux1 is insufficient to induce cystic disease in transgenic mice or to induce rapid cyst formation after cilia disruption in the kidneys of adult mice.