Patterns of change in restrictive measures in residential care: Trauma-informed staff training benefits children and youth who need it the Most.

Background: Implementation of trauma-informed staff training is promising to reduce restrictive measures (restraints, seclusions, and time-outs) used to address problem behaviors in youth in residential care. Previous mixed results may be explained in part by the heterogeneity in the use of restrictive measures among youth.

Objective: The objective was twofold: (1) to examine whether heterogeneity in the initial number of restrictive measures experienced by youth, before implementing trauma-informed staff training, moderates the effect of the training and (2) to explore whether children and youth's characteristics are associated with the number of restrictive measures.

Addressing the Complexity of Heterogeneity: Profiles of Adolescent Girls Who Have Been Sexually Abused.

Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) may have devastating effects, yet, there is considerable heterogeneity among adolescent girls who have experienced it. Addressing this heterogeneity could help to tailor practices to their particular needs. The objective was to identify profiles among adolescent girls who have been sexually abused to determine whether they exhibit distinct outcomes.

Cognitive Outcomes of Children With Complex Trauma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses of Longitudinal Studies.

Longitudinal studies have shown that children with complex trauma (i.e., exposure to multiple or repeated traumatic events of an interpersonal nature) have poorer cognitive outcomes later in life than children without complex trauma.

Children With Persistent Versus Transient Early Language Delay: Language, Academic, and Psychosocial Outcomes in Elementary School.

Purpose The objective of this study was to compare children with persistent versus transient preschool language delay on language, academic, and psychosocial outcomes in elementary school. Method Children with persistent language delay ( = 30), transient language delay ( = 29), and no language delay (controls; = 163) were identified from a population-based sample of twins. They were compared on language skills, academic achievement, and psychosocial adjustment in kindergarten and Grades 1, 3, 4, and 6.

Restraint, seclusion and time-out among children and youth in group homes and residential treatment centers: a latent profile analysis.

Background: Many children and youth living in residential units have experienced multiple traumas that may result in challenging behaviors. Among a range of professional responses, staff may use restraint, seclusion and time-out to manage these behaviors.

Objective: To enhance our understanding of these restrictive interventions in residential units as a means of improving professional practices involving children and youth in out-of-home care.

Cognitive outcomes of children who have experienced complex trauma: a systematic review protocol.

Objective: The objective of this systematic review is to assess cognitive outcomes of children who have experienced complex trauma in comparison to children who have not, and to test the effect of potential moderating factors.

Introduction: A relatively high proportion of children have experienced complex trauma, which can lead to negative consequences on various aspects of development, including cognitive functions. Studies and reviews have documented cognitive outcomes of children who have experienced complex trauma, but with conflicting results.

A Genetic Cross-Lagged Study of the Longitudinal Association Between Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms During Childhood.

This study documented the etiology contributions between anxiety symptoms (AS) and depressive symptoms (DS) from ages 6-12 years. Teachers assessed AS and DS in 1112 twins at 5 time points. A genetic cross-lagged model was used to estimate genetic/environmental contributions to cross-sectional, cross-age and cross-lag associations.