Asymmetrically Functionalized Antibody-Gold Nanoparticle Conjugates to Form Stable Antigen-Assembled Dimers.

Biomolecular assays based on the aggregation of modified gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been developed to provide low detection limits and rapid results with a simple one-step, wash-free procedure. However, a relatively narrow dynamic range, low sensitivity, and poor precision due to time-sensitive readout limit the application of these assay platforms. In this work we synthesized asymmetrically functionalized antibody-AuNP conjugates that are rationally designed to overcome the limitations of aggregation-based immunoassays.

Basilar papilla of the canary and zebra finch: A quantitative scanning electron microscopical description.

Morphological parameters of the apical surface of canary and zebra finch basilar papillae were quantitatively evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. The papillar length is ∼ 1.6 mm in both species.