An Assessment of the Society for Vascular Surgery Appropriate Use Criteria for the Management of Intermittent Claudication: Key Findings and Considerations for Implementation.

Background: Several concerns have been raised over the past several years about the potential for overuse of vascular interventions for peripheral artery disease. These interventions can have serious complications, including limb loss. Given that the natural history of intermittent claudication rarely includes limb loss, it is critically important that interventions to treat it have appropriate indications.

Pediatric laryngeal tumors and demographics, management, and survival in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence and features of pediatric laryngeal malignancies and to review the demographics, management, and survival of pediatric patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma as compared to adult patients.

Methods: Patients aged 0 (younger than 1) to 18 with laryngeal malignancy identified in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database were included from 1973 to 2016 published April 2019. Diagnosis of malignant laryngeal tumor was made using the 3rd edition of the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology (ICDO-3) code: C32.

Cord blood maternal microchimerism following unrelated cord blood transplantation.

Cord blood transplantation (CBT) is associated with low risk of leukemia relapse. Mechanisms underlying antileukemia benefit of CBT are not well understood, however a previous study strongly but indirectly implicated cells from the mother of the cord blood (CB) donor. A fetus acquires a small number of maternal cells referred to as maternal microchimerism (MMc) and MMc is sometimes detectable in CB.

Complement C5a Fosters Squamous Carcinogenesis and Limits T Cell Response to Chemotherapy.

Complement is a critical component of humoral immunity implicated in cancer development; however, its biological contributions to tumorigenesis remain poorly understood. Using the K14-HPV16 transgenic mouse model of squamous carcinogenesis, we report that urokinase (uPA) macrophages regulate C3-independent release of C5a during premalignant progression, which in turn regulates protumorigenic properties of C5aR1 mast cells and macrophages, including suppression of CD8 T cell cytotoxicity. Therapeutic inhibition of C5aR1 via the peptide antagonist PMX-53 improved efficacy of paclitaxel chemotherapy associated with increased presence and cytotoxic properties of CXCR3 effector memory CD8 T cells in carcinomas, dependent on both macrophage transcriptional programming and IFNγ.

Maternal microchimerism is prevalent in cord blood in memory T cells and other cell subsets, and persists post-transplant.

Among reported advantages of umbilical cord blood (CB) in transplantation is lower leukemia relapse probability. Underlying cellular mechanisms of graft-vs.-leukemia (GVL) are thought to include a prominent role for T cells.