Techniques in Management of Cholesteatoma: Modified Radical and Retrograde Mastoidectomy.

When surgically managing cholesteatoma, the Bondy modified radical mastoidectomy (MRM) and retrograde mastoidectomy can enhance visualization while minimizing the extent of surgery required for disease removal. The Bondy MRM can be used for disease limited to the atticoantral space, when the ossicles and middle ear space are otherwise healthy, and for canal cholesteatomas. The retrograde mastoidectomy offers a safe alternative for patients with unfavorable tegmen and sigmoid sinus positions and poorly pneumatized mastoids.

In Silico Localization of Perilymph Proteins Enriched in Meńier̀e Disease Using Mammalian Cochlear Single-cell Transcriptomics.

Hypothesis: Proteins enriched in the perilymph proteome of Meńier̀e disease (MD) patients may identify affected cell types. Utilizing single-cell transcriptome datasets from the mammalian cochlea, we hypothesize that these enriched perilymph proteins can be localized to specific cochlear cell types.

Background: The limited understanding of human inner ear pathologies and their associated biomolecular variations hinder efforts to develop disease-specific diagnostics and therapeutics.

Analysis of Imaging Results for Semisitting Compared with Supine Positioning in the Retrosigmoid Approach for Resection of Cerebellopontine Angle Vestibular Schwannomas.

Objective: To compare the completeness of resection of vestibular schwannomas using three-dimensional segmented volumetric analysis of pre- and postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of patients undergoing supine and semisitting positioning for the retrosigmoid approach.

Study Design: Retrospective chart review.

Setting: Tertiary medical center.

Olfactory, Auditory, and Vestibular Performance: Multisensory Impairment Is Significantly Associated With Incident Cognitive Impairment.

Background: Dysfunction in the olfactory, auditory, and vestibular systems are commonly seen in aging and are associated with dementia. The impact of sensory loss(es) on cognition is not well understood. Our aim was to assess the relationships between performance on objective multisensory testing and quantify the impact of dysfunction on cognition.

Ethical Considerations in the Advent of Artificial Intelligence in Otolaryngology.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is quickly expanding within the sphere of health care, offering the potential to enhance the efficiency of care delivery, diminish costs, and reduce diagnostic and therapeutic errors. As the field of otolaryngology also explores use of AI technology in patient care, a number of ethical questions warrant attention prior to widespread implementation of AI. This commentary poses many of these ethical questions for consideration by the otolaryngologist specifically, using the 4 pillars of medical ethics-autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice-as a framework and advocating both for the assistive role of AI in health care and for the shared decision-making, empathic approach to patient care.

Respiratory events after adenotonsillectomy requiring escalated admission status in children with obstructive sleep apnea.

Objectives: To characterize postoperative respiratory complications following adenotonsillectomy (AT) in children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and to identify variables associated with pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of 133 pediatric OSA patients with prior AT. Assessment of the postoperative hospital course informed patient stratification based on respiratory event severity, PICU admission status, and unscheduled escalation of care.

Post-tonsillectomy hemorrhagic outcomes in children with bleeding disorders at a single institution.

Objective: To report on the post-tonsillectomy bleeding outcomes and factors associated with hemorrhage among children with pre- or post-operatively diagnosed bleeding disorders treated with an institutional protocol.

Methods: Retrospective cohort study of patients with hematologic disorders who underwent tonsillectomy between 2003 and 2016 and were treated with perioperative desmopressin or factor replacement and/or aminocaproic acid. Postoperative outcomes were compared to controls matched for age, sex, and indication for surgery.