Implementing the MIRROR-TCM Randomised Control Trial During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mixed-Methods Evaluation.

Aim: To evaluate the implementation of the Transitional Care Model (TCM), an evidence-based, advanced practice registered nurse-led multi-component intervention, as part of a randomised controlled trial during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design: Parallel convergent mixed-methods approach.

Methods: Data for this study were collected between June 2020 and February 2021.

Differences in Sleep Quality and Sleepiness among Veterinary Medical Students at Multiple Institutions Before and After the Pandemic Induced Transition to Online Learning.

Poor sleep health has been previously documented in veterinary medical students. However, it is not known how universal or widespread this problem is. This study evaluated Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) scores to measure sleep health among students at seven colleges of veterinary medicine in the United States (US).

Health equity engineering: Optimizing hope for a new generation of healthcare.

Medical researchers are increasingly prioritizing the inclusion of underserved communities in clinical studies. However, mere inclusion is not enough. People from underserved communities frequently experience chronic stress that may lead to accelerated biological aging and early morbidity and mortality.

Neural and metabolic factors in carbohydrate reward: Rationale, design, and methods for a flavor-nutrient learning paradigm in humans.

Overconsumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs), which are linked with adverse health outcomes, is a growing public health concern. UPFs deliver highly bioavailable calories rapidly, which may contribute to their reinforcing potential and drive overconsumption. Our primary aim is to test the role of speed of nutrient availability on reward learning.

Validity and reliability of a new whole room indirect calorimeter to assess metabolic response to small calorie loads.

We overview of our whole room indirect calorimeter (WRIC), demonstrate validity and reliability of our WRIC, and explore a novel application of Bayesian hierarchical modeling to assess responses to small carbohydrate loads. To assess WRIC validity seven gas infusion studies were performed using a gas blender and profiles designed to mimic resting and postprandial metabolic events. Sixteen participants underwent fasting and postprandial measurements, during which they consumed a 75-kcal drink containing sucrose, dextrose, or fructose in a crossover design.

Community Culture Survey - Revised: Measuring neighborhood culture and exploring geographic, socioeconomic, and cultural determinants of health in samples across the United States and in Thailand.

Objectives: Research on links between social, geographic, and cultural determinants of health has been thwarted by inadequate measures of culture. The purpose of this study was to improve the measurement of community culture, defined as shared patterns of attitudes and behaviors among people within a neighborhood that distinguish it from others, and to examine dimensions of culture, independent of socioeconomic and demographic factors, and their relationships with health.

Study Design: A survey research design with correlational analyses was used.

Interventional analytics in skilled nursing facilities associated with reduced readmissions.

Objective: To assess differences in longitudinal profiles for 30-day risk-adjusted readmission rates in skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) associated with Penn Medicine's Lancaster General Hospital (LGH) that implemented an interventional analytics (IA) platform vs other LGH facilities lacking IA vs other SNFs in Pennsylvania vs facilities in all other states.

Study Design: Retrospective longitudinal analysis of CMS readmissions data from 2017 through 2022, and cross-sectional analysis using CMS quality metrics data.

Methods: CMS SNF quality performance data were aggregated and compared with risk-adjusted readmissions by facility and time period.

Creation and validation of a NOVA scored picture set to evaluate ultra-processed foods.

There has been a rapid shift in the modern food environment towards increased processing in foods consumed in the United States (US) and globally. The NOVA system (not an acronym) for classifying food on degree of processing currently has the most empirical support. Consumption of foods in the NOVA 4 category, ultra-processed foods (UPF), is a risk factor for a host of poor health outcomes including heart disease, stroke, and cancer.

Antibiotic exposure is associated with decreased risk of psychiatric disorders.

This study sought to investigate the relationship between antibiotic exposure and subsequent risk of psychiatric disorders. This retrospective cohort study used a national database of 69 million patients from 54 large healthcare organizations. We identified a cohort of 20,214 (42.

National assessment of obstetrics and gynecology and family medicine residents' experiences with CenteringPregnancy group prenatal care.

Objective: To examine family medicine (FM) and obstetrician-gynecologist (OB/GYN) residents' experiences with CenteringPregnancy (CP) group prenatal care (GPNC) as a correlate to perceived likelihood of implementing CP in future practice, as well as knowledge, level of support, and perceived barriers to implementation.

Methods: We conducted a repeated cross-sectional study annually from 2017 to 2019 with FM and OB/GYN residents from residency programs in the United States licensed to operate CP. We applied adjusted logistic regression models to identify predictors of intentions to engage with CP in future practice.

Validity and reliability of a new whole room indirect calorimeter to assess metabolic response to small-calorie loads.

Objective: To provide an overview of our whole room indirect calorimeter (WRIC), demonstrate validity and reliability of our WRIC, and explore a novel application of Bayesian hierarchical modeling to assess responses to small carbohydrate loads.

Methods: Seven gas infusion studies were performed using a gas blender and profiles designed to mimic resting and postprandial metabolic events to assess WRIC validity. In a crossover design, 16 participants underwent fasting and postprandial measurements, during which they consumed a 75-kcal drink containing sucrose, dextrose, or fructose.

Predictors of Adherence to Continuous Positive Airway Pressure in Older Adults With Apnea and Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Background: Almost 60% of adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) have obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) may delay cognitive decline, but CPAP adherence is often suboptimal. In this study, we report predictors of CPAP adherence in older adults with aMCI who have increased odds of progressing to dementia, particularly due to Alzheimer's disease.

Deepening Our Understanding of COVID-19 Vaccine Decision-Making amongst Healthcare Workers in Southwest Virginia, USA Using Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis.

Vaccine hesitancy amongst healthcare workers (HCWs) has been a major challenge throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. While many studies have identified HCW characteristics and specific attitudes associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, researchers are still working towards developing a holistic understanding of the psychological constructs that influence COVID-19 vaccine decision-making in this population. Between 15 March and 29 March 2021, we distributed an online survey assessing individual characteristics and vaccine-related perceptions to employees of a not-for-profit healthcare system in Southwest Virginia (N = 2459).

The study protocol to evaluate implementation of the transitional care model in four U.S. healthcare systems during the Covid-19 pandemic.

This study protocol describes the conceptual framework, design, and methods being employed to evaluate the implementation of the Transitional Care Model (TCM) as part of a randomized controlled trial. The trial, designed to examine the health and cost outcomes of at-risk hospitalized older adults, is being conducted in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. This parallel study is guided by the Practical, Robust, Implementation and Sustainability Model (PRISM) and uses a fixed, mixed methods convergent parallel design to identify challenges encountered by participating hospitals and post-acute and community-based providers that impact the implementation of the TCM with fidelity, strategies implemented to address those challenges and the relationships between challenges, strategies, and rates of fidelity to TCM's core components over time.

Older Adult and Family Caregiver Perspectives on Engagement in Primary Care.

The purpose of the current in-depth qualitative study was to explore the experiences of older adults and family caregivers in primary care. Twenty patients and caregivers from six Comprehensive Primary Care Plus (CPC+) practices' Patient and Family Advisory Councils within a large academic health system participated in telephone interviews from December 2018 to May 2019. Participants were mostly women (60%), with an average age of 71 years and nine chronic conditions.

Medical Complexity Mediates Healthcare Resource Use in the Socially Vulnerable.

Goal: The objective of this retrospective, observational study was to assess the mediating effect of medical complexity on the relationship between social vulnerability and four acute care resource use outcomes-number of hospitalizations, emergency department (ED) visits, observation stays, and total visits. Such information may help healthcare managers better anticipate the effects of interventions targeted to the socially vulnerable in their patient population.

Methods: Electronic health records of 147,496 adults served by 27 primary care practices in one large health system from 2015 to 2017 were used.

Quality of Life of Mothers of Infants Subjected to Neonatal Cardiac Surgery: The Importance of Psychosocial Factors.

The World Health Organization acknowledges quality of life (QOL) as subjectively perceived overall well-being by the individual and recognizes it as an essential construct for overall health and wellness. The purpose of this study was to examine the association of infant, environmental, and parental factors with the QOL of mothers of infants at four months post-hospital discharge from cardiac surgery. Secondary analysis of prospectively collected data from the REACH randomized clinical trial of telehealth home monitoring.