Selective screening for familial hypercholesterolemia in Austrian children - first year results.

Background: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), the most frequent monogenetic hereditary disorder, is underdiagnosed and undertreated. Early identification of FH is essential because of the increased risk for premature cardiovascular diseases and childhood might be the optimal period for cholesterol screening. Aim of this selective screening was to detect familial hypercholesterolemia, the most frequent monogenetic hereditary disorder in children to guarantee early detection and treatment.

Milk modulates macrophage polarization in vitro.

Objective: Milk holds an anti-inflammatory response that is particularly important to protecting infants against necrotizing enterocolitis. Milk might also exert anti-inflammatory effects in adulthood, including the oral cavity where macrophages of the oral mucosal control innate immunity defense. It remains unknown, however, whether milk can modulate the local inflammatory response by affecting the polarization of macrophages.

A Mixed Lipid Emulsion Containing Fish Oil and Its Effect on Electrophysiological Brain Maturation in Infants of Extremely Low Birth Weight: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial.

Objective: To assess whether parenteral nutrition for infants of extremely low birth weight using a mixed lipid emulsion that contains fish oil influences electrophysiological brain maturation.

Study Design: The study is a prespecified secondary outcome analysis of a randomized controlled trial of 230 infants of extremely low birth weight receiving a mixed (soybean oil, medium-chain triglycerides, olive oil, and fish oil; intervention) or a soybean oil-based lipid emulsion (control). The study was conducted at a single-level IV neonatal care unit (Medical University Vienna; June 2012 to October 2015).

Clinically relevant body composition methods for obese pediatric patients.

Background: There is no gold standard in body composition measurement in pediatric patients with obesity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate if there are any differences between two bioelectrical impedance analysis techniques performed in children and adolescents with obesity.

Methods: Data were collected at the Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine in Vienna from September 2015 to May 2017.

The anti-inflammatory effect of milk and dairy products on periodontal cells: an in vitro approach.

Objective: Milk can reduce intestinal tissue damage in colitis models, and protects infants against necrotizing enterocolitis. However, whether milk can decrease inflammation related to peri-implantitis and oral mucosal dehiscence remains unclear. We therefore investigated whether or not milk and fermented by-products have any anti-inflammatory effects on the cells of the oral cavity.

Can Sequential Coagulation Monitoring Predict Major Haemorrhage in Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants?

Introduction:  Bleeds such as intra-ventricular (IVH) and pulmonary haemorrhage (PH) are life-threatening events in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants. Serial coagulation monitoring by measuring the international normalized ratio (INR) with small volume samples might facilitate early diagnosis and possibly prevent major bleeds.

Materials And Methods:  This was a prospective longitudinal study performed in ELBW infants, who received serial INR monitoring by point of care testing during their first 30 days of life.

A Mixed Lipid Emulsion for Prevention of Parenteral Nutrition Associated Cholestasis in Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Objectives: To examine whether a mixed lipid emulsion reduces the incidence of parenteral nutrition associated cholestasis (PNAC) in extremely low birth weight (ELBW, <1000 g) infants.

Study Design: This double-blind randomized trial of 230 ELBW infants (June 2012-October 2015) was performed at a single level IV neonatal intensive care unit. Patients received either a mixed lipid emulsion composed of soybean oil, medium chain triglycerides, olive oil, and fish oil-(intervention) or a soybean oil-based lipid emulsion (control) for parenteral nutrition.

Correction: Does Visceral Osteopathic Treatment Accelerate Meconium Passage in Very Low Birth Weight Infants?- A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Is the reliability of 3D kinematics of young obese participants dependent on the hip joint center localization method used?

The aim of this study was to investigate if the test-retest reliability for three-dimensional (3D) gait kinematics in a young obese population is affected by using either a predictive (Davis) or a functional (SCoRE) hip joint center (HJC) localization approach. A secondary goal was to analyze how consistent both methods perform in estimating the HJC position. A convenience sample of ten participants, two females and eight males with an age-based body mass index (BMI) above the 97th percentile (mean±SD: 34.

Administration of Fortifier by Finger Feeder During Breastfeeding in Preterm Infants.

Objective: To evaluate the acceptance, adherence, and feasibility of fortifier administration by finger feeder during breastfeeding and to determine weight, length, and head circumference gains after discharge for preterm infants.

Design: Observational pilot study.

Setting: A Level III NICU and its outpatient clinic in Vienna, Austria.

Starting enteral nutrition with preterm single donor milk instead of formula affects time to full enteral feeding in very low birthweight infants.

Aim: This study compared the impact of using either single donor breastmilk or formula to start enteral feeding in preterm infants, on the time to full enteral feeding, growth and morbidity. The milk was provided by other preterm mothers.

Methods: This was an observational prospective study, carried out from June 2012 to March 2013 at the Medical University of Vienna, Austria, on the effects of preterm single donor milk on 133 very low birthweight infants with a birthweight <1500 g and a gestational age <32 weeks until they were on full enteral feeding.

Within-assessor reliability and minimal detectable change of gait kinematics in a young obese demographic.

Introduction: Three-dimensional gait analysis (3DGA) in obese populations is a difficult task due to a great amount of subcutaneous fat. This makes it more challenging to identify anatomical landmarks, thus leading to inconsistent marker placement. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the test-retest reliability for kinematic measurements of obese children and adolescents.

Does acute alcohol intoxication cause transaminase elevations in children and adolescents?

Several long-term effects of alcohol abuse in children and adolescents are well described. Alcohol abuse has severe effects on neurodevelopmental outcome, such as learning disabilities, memory deficits, and decreased cognitive performance. Additionally, chronic alcohol intake is associated with chronic liver disease.

Human Milk Analyser shows that the lactation period affects protein levels in preterm breastmilk.

Aim: This study measured the composition of preterm human breastmilk, particularly the protein content, with the MIRIS Human Milk Analyser, compared our results with published values and determined the relationship between protein content and lactation period.

Methods: We analysed 83 samples of 24-hour pooled human milk from 76 mothers who delivered preterm infants weighing under 1500 g at less than 32 weeks of gestational age. The milk's protein, fat and energy were measured by the MIRIS Human Milk Analyser and compared to reference values.

Does visceral osteopathic treatment accelerate meconium passage in very low birth weight infants?- A prospective randomized controlled trial.

Background: To determine whether the complementary approach of visceral manipulative osteopathic treatment accelerates complete meconium excretion and improves feeding tolerance in very low birth weight infants.

Methods: This study was a prospective, randomized, controlled trial in premature infants with a birth weight <1500 g and a gestational age <32 weeks who received a visceral osteopathic treatment 3 times during their first week of life or no treatment.

Results: Passage of the last meconium occurred after a median of 7.

Clinical Experience With Numeta in Preterm Infants: Impact on Nutrient Intake and Costs.

Background: A new "ready-to-use" triple-chamber container, Numeta (Baxter, Deerfield, IL), is available for preterm parenteral nutrition (PN) to provide nutrients according to the recommendations of the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) and the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) Guidelines for Pediatric Parenteral Nutrition. We investigated the clinical application of Numeta compared with individualized PN in preterm infants (≤1.500 g) and evaluated the effects on nutrient intake, costs, and preparation time.

Probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium infantis) prevent NEC in VLBW infants fed breast milk but not formula [corrected].

Background: Specific probiotics prevent necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). A mixture of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria (Infloran) was highly effective in Asian very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants. We analyzed the effect of Infloran on NEC, NEC severity, and the influence of enteral feedings (breast milk vs.

Effect of fortifiers and additional protein on the osmolarity of human milk: is it still safe for the premature infant?

Objectives: The present guidelines of the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend that osmolarity not exceed 450 mOsm/kg (or approximately an osmolarity of 400 mOsm/L) for breast milk or infant formulae, to minimize the risk factors for necrotizing enterocolitis. A commercial protein supplement has been developed to meet special protein requirements (4.0-4.

Head circumference catch-up growth among preterm very low birth weight infants: effect on neurodevelopmental outcome.

Aims: The purpose of this study was to determine whether head circumference (HC) catch-up is associated with improved neurocognitive development.

Design: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in 179 preterm very low birth weight (VLBW) (BW≤1500 g) infants. The infants were born in 2000-2002 and were followed to the age of 5.