Century-old herbarium specimen provides insights into Pierce's disease of grapevines emergence in the Americas.

Fossils and other preserved specimens are integral for informing timing and evolutionary history in every biological system. By isolating a plant pathogen genome from herbarium-preserved diseased grapevine material from 1906 (Herb_1906), we were able to answer questions about an enigmatic system. The emergence of Pierce's disease (PD) of grapevine has shaped viticultural production in North America; yet, there are uncertainties about the geographic origin of the pathogen (Xylella fastidiosa subsp.

Progression of Infection in Grapevines Under Field Conditions.

The pathogen subsp. has circulated through California's vineyards since its introduction from Central America in the 1800s. This pathogen is responsible for a bacterial disease called Pierce's disease (PD) of grapevine.

Phylogenetics of Historical Host Switches in a Bacterial Plant Pathogen.

Xylella fastidiosa is an insect-transmitted bacterial plant pathogen found across the Americas and, more recently, worldwide. X. fastidiosa infects plants of at least 563 species belonging to 82 botanical families.

Bacterial Vector-Borne Plant Diseases: Unanswered Questions and Future Directions.

Vector-borne plant diseases have significant ecological and economic impacts, affecting farm profitability and forest composition throughout the world. Bacterial vector-borne pathogens have evolved sophisticated strategies to interact with their hemipteran insect vectors and plant hosts. These pathogens reside in plant vascular tissue, and their study represents an excellent opportunity to uncover novel biological mechanisms regulating intracellular pathogenesis and to contribute to the control of some of the world's most invasive emerging diseases.

Emergence of a Plant Pathogen in Europe Associated with Multiple Intercontinental Introductions.

Pathogen introductions have led to numerous disease outbreaks in naive regions of the globe. The plant pathogen has been associated with various recent epidemics in Europe affecting agricultural crops, such as almond, grapevine, and olive, but also endemic species occurring in natural forest landscapes and ornamental plants. We compared whole-genome sequences of subspecies from America and strains associated with recent outbreaks in southern Europe to infer their likely origins and paths of introduction within and between the two continents.

Leukocyte invasion of the brain after experimental intracerebral hemorrhage in mice.

Background And Purpose: Neuroinflammatory processes contribute to secondary neuronal damage after intracerebral hemorrhage. We aimed to characterize the time course of brain immigration of different leukocyte subsets after striatal injection of either autologous blood or collagenase in mice.

Methods: Intracerebral hemorrhage was induced by injection of either autologous blood (20 μL) or collagenase (0.