Non-neoplastic respiratory fluid cytology including cell differential counts for interstitial lung disease.

Bronchioloalveolar lavage (BAL) is a non-invasive and well-tolerated procedure that plays a key role in the diagnosis of a variety of non-neoplastic pulmonary diseases, including acute respiratory failure, infection, diffuse parenchymal lung disease (DLPD), paediatric and occupational lung disease, and in the evaluation of the lung allograft. A variety of analytic techniques are commonly performed on BAL fluid, including cytology, cell differential count, microbiology and virology, as well as a number of additional techniques in specific circumstances.

Baseline Results of the West London lung cancer screening pilot study - Impact of mobile scanners and dual risk model utilisation.

Objectives: The West London lung screening pilot aimed to identify early-stage lung cancer by targeting low-dose CT (LDCT) to high risk participants. Successful implementation of screening requires maximising participant uptake and identifying those at highest risk. As well as reporting pre-specified baseline screening metrics, additional objectives were to 1) compare participant uptake between a mobile and hospital-based CT scanner and 2) evaluate the impact on cancer detection using two lung cancer risk models.

Early histological changes of pulmonary arterial hypertension disclosed by invasive cardiopulmonary exercise testing.

Early diagnosis of pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) is diagnostically challenging given the extent of pulmonary vascular remodeling required to bring about clinical signs and symptoms. Exercise testing can be invaluable in this setting, as stressing the cardiopulmonary system may unmask early disease. This report describes a young patient with a positive family history of PAH in whom contemporaneous invasive cardiopulmonary exercise testing and surgical lung biopsy reveal the novel association between exercise pulmonary hypertension (ePH) and early histological changes of PAH.

Data set for reporting of lung carcinomas: recommendations from International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting.

Context: The International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting (ICCR) is a quadripartite alliance formed by the Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia, the Royal College of Pathologists of the United Kingdom, the College of American Pathologists, and the Canadian Partnership Against Cancer. The ICCR was formed with a view to reducing the global burden of cancer data set development and reduplication of effort by different international institutions that commission, publish, and maintain standardized cancer-reporting data sets. The resultant standardization of cancer reporting would be expected to benefit not only those countries directly involved in the collaboration but also others not in a position to develop their own data sets.

Late antibody-mediated rejection after heart transplantation following the development of de novo donor-specific human leukocyte antigen antibody.

Background: Antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) is an important problem after heart transplantation. Most cases seem to occur in sensitized recipients with preformed donor-specific human leukocyte antigen antibody (DSA) early after transplantation. Few data exist on AMR in patients who form de novo DSA.

ALK translocation is associated with ALK immunoreactivity and extensive signet-ring morphology in primary lung adenocarcinoma.

Background: ALK rearrangement is particularly observed in signet-ring sub-type adenocarcinoma. Since fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is not suitable for mass screening, we aimed to characterize the predictive utility of tumour morphology and ALK immunoreactivity to identify ALK rearrangement, in a primary lung adenocarcinoma dataset enriched for signet-ring morphology, compared with that of other morphology.

Methods: 7 adenocarcinomas from diagnostic archives reported with signet-ring morphology were assessed and compared with 11 adenocarcinomas without signet-ring features over the same time period.

Alveolar proteinosis with hypersensitivity pneumonitis: a new clinical phenotype.

Background And Objective: The aim of the present study was to report the features of five patients with concurrent histopathological features of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) and hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) and their high-resolution CT (HRCT) appearances.

Methods: Patients with histopathological features of both HP and PAP on surgical lung biopsy referred for tertiary review were retrospectively identified. The pathology and HRCT images were semi-quantitatively scored to evaluate the relative contribution to HP and PAP.

Diagnosis and management of male breast cancer.

Background: Male breast cancer (MBC) is rare with an incidence of 1% of all breast cancers. The evidence about the treatment is derived from the data on the management of the female breast cancer because conduction of randomized, controlled trials is impossible due to the rarity of the disease. In this study, we review the special features, overall management, diagnosis, and treatment of patients with MBC managed under our care with a brief review of the current literature.

Lymph nodes involved by multicentric Castleman disease among HIV-positive individuals are often involved by Kaposi sarcoma.

Multicentric Castleman disease (MCD), a lymphoproliferative disorder and Kaposi sarcoma (KS), a vascular tumor, both occur at a higher frequency among patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Human herpes virus 8 (HHV8), with an ability to infect and persist in B-lymphoid cells and endothelial cells, is causally associated with both MCD and KS. The coexistence of these HHV8-associated diseases in the same tissue samples has hitherto not been investigated.

Terminal diffuse alveolar damage in relation to interstitial pneumonias. An autopsy study.

Acute exacerbations of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis/cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis (IPF/CFA) are rare and typically terminal events, but their relationship to underlying patterns of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias is unknown. We reviewed autopsy material from patients who died of diffuse alveolar damage in the clinical setting of pulmonary fibrosis, both idiopathic and with background fibrosing alveolitis with connective tissue disorders (FA-CTDs), and compared them with cases of acute interstitial pneumonia. Of 15 patients with acute exacerbations of IPF/CFA (n = 12) or FA-CTD (n = 3), 12 had a background pattern of usual interstitial pneumonia and 3 had fibrotic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia.