Incidence and clinical factors associated with ulceration in infantile hemangiomas.

Background: Ulceration is an important complication in infantile hemangiomas (IHs). Prior to the use of β-blockers, the estimated incidence of this complication in a referral population was between 15% and 30%. The incidence and factors associated with ulceration have not been systematically studied since the emergence of β-blocker therapy.

Anal Botulinum Toxin in Children with Hirschsprung Disease and Functional Constipation: A Prospective Cohort study.

Introduction:  Anal sphincter botulinum toxin injections (BTIs) are used in the treatment of children with severe defecation disorders, including Hirschsprung disease (HD) and functional constipation (FC). Our objective was to evaluate the outcomes of BTI in these children.

Materials And Methods:  We performed a prospective cohort study of children undergoing BTI from July 2018 to December 2018.

Anal sphincter botulinum toxin injection in children with functional anorectal and colonic disorders: A large institutional study and review of the literature focusing on complications.

Background And Aim: Botulinum toxin (botox) is a commonly used treatment for functional anorectal and colonic disorders. Although generally regarded as safe, complications associated with botox injection into the anal sphincters in children with severe defecation disorders are not well described. We aimed to review our institutional experience and the existing literature to better understand the safety of this practice.