Investigating the workforce capacity and needs for animal disease surveillance and outbreak investigation: a mixed-methods study of veterinary services in Vietnam.

The need for strengthening national capacities for disease prevention, preparedness, and response is increasingly becoming urgent. Central to this is strengthening existing systems and workforce capacity for disease surveillance and disease outbreak response. This study aimed to evaluate the national capacity and needs of veterinary services in Vietnam in animal disease surveillance and outbreak investigation skills.

Capacity and needs assessment of veterinary services in Vietnam in biosecurity, biosafety and One Health.

The Asia-Pacific region is recognised as an epicentre of emerging infectious diseases (EIDs), of which 75% are zoonotic in nature. Vietnam is recognised as a potential hotspot for zoonotic EIDs. There is a growing recognition that progress towards global health security requires greater focus on collaboration between the human health and animal health sectors to control diseases at their animal source and prevent against human health impacts.

Impact of bushfires on Australian livestock health, welfare and carcase quality.

The 2019/2020 Australian bushfires were unprecedented in terms of total area burned and impact on livestock and wildlife populations. However, there is currently limited literature available relating the consequences of bushfire or smoke exposure to livestock health, welfare, and carcase quality. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using historical monitoring data from a Meat Standards Australia (MSA) accredited abattoir located on the mid-north coast of New South Wales, Australia.

A retrospective study on antibacterial treatments for koalas infected with Chlamydia pecorum.

Chlamydiosis remains the leading infectious disease and is one of the key factors responsible for the dramatic reduction of koala populations in South-East Queensland (SEQ) and New South Wales (NSW) regions of Australia. Possible infection outcomes include blindness, infertility, painful cystitis, and death if left untreated. Studies have reported the treatment efficacy of chloramphenicol and doxycycline, which are the two most commonly administered treatments in diseased koalas, in clinical settings.

A randomised control trial to evaluate the effectiveness of a commercial vaccine for pinkeye in Australian beef cattle.

Pinkeye (a generic term to describe infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis) is a significant disease of cattle worldwide, impacting productivity and animal welfare. One commercial pinkeye vaccine, a systematically administered Moraxella bovis bacterin, has been available in Australia since 2007. This is the first field trial of the effectiveness of this vaccine for the prevention of naturally occurring disease in Australia.

A survey to understand farmers' perceptions and risk factors for hoof diseases including footrot in sheep in New South Wales, Australia.

The aims of this study were to develop an understanding of farmers perceptions and risk factors for footrot, including its less severe forms, and other hoof diseases in sheep in New South Wales (NSW). A questionnaire was developed and administered to sheep farmers in Local Land Services (LLS) regions across NSW. LLS staff selected sheep farmers who met the inclusion criteria which included farmers with a minimum of 100 sheep, a history of having had foot problems in their flock or having expressed an interest in improving sheep health and production.

Design and Evaluation of the Veterinary Epidemiology Teaching Skills (VETS) Workshop: Building Capacity in the Asia-Pacific Region.

Building workforce capacity in epidemiology skills for veterinarians in the Asia-Pacific region is crucial to health security. However, successful implementation of these programs requires a supply of trained veterinary epidemiology teachers and mentors. We sought to design and evaluate delivery of a 4-day Veterinary Epidemiology Teaching Skills (VETS) workshop as part of a larger project to strengthen field veterinary epidemiology capacity.

Perceptions of Australian cattle farmers regarding the impact of pinkeye on farm productivity and animal welfare.

Pinkeye (infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis, IBK) is an important disease of cattle worldwide. It has a substantial negative impact on farm productivity and is a major cost burden, but specific data on losses are lacking. This study was conducted to understand farmers' perceptions of the impact of pinkeye on farm productivity and animal welfare, and factors influencing the money farmers estimated spending on pinkeye in 2018.

Isolated paediatric orbital fractures: a case series and review of management at a major trauma centre in the UK.

Purpose: Paediatric orbital fractures are rare. Existing literature demonstrates wide variation in estimates of incidence, aetiology, management protocols and outcomes. Despite this, it is generally acknowledged that orbital fractures with entrapment of the extraocular muscles constitute a surgical emergency due to the potential for persistent diplopia secondary to muscle ischaemia and necrosis.

Perceptions and practices of Australian cattle farmers for the treatment of pinkeye (infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis).

Pinkeye or infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis is a globally significant disease and occurs in every state of Australia. Economic loss due to pinkeye can be considerable and it is a major welfare concern, but not all cattle with the disease are treated by farmers. This study was conducted to understand the perceptions and practices of Australian farmers regarding the treatment of pinkeye: factors influencing when farmers treat pinkeye, treatments used and considered effective, and reasons for not treating.

Risk factors associated with pinkeye in Australian cattle.

Pinkeye is the most important bovine ocular disease worldwide and a major welfare and economic concern to the Australian cattle industry. Pinkeye can occur in epidemic proportions, but severity and susceptibility vary within and between herds, indicating that the disease is multifactorial. This study was conducted to identify the on-farm risk factors associated with pinkeye disease in Australian cattle.

Factors influencing the effectiveness of the Gudair vaccine for controlling Johne's disease in sheep flocks in Australia.

Ovine Johne's disease is a chronic debilitating disease of sheep caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Mptb) which results in diarrhoea, emaciation and mortalities in infected animals. Vaccination with Gudair® has been a key strategy for controlling the disease in Australia since its approval in 2002.

Kangaroos display gazing and gaze alternations during an unsolvable problem task.

Domestication is generally assumed to have resulted in enhanced communication abilities between non-primate mammals and humans, although the number of species studied is very limited (e.g. cats, ; dogs, ; wolves, ; goats, ; horses, ).

Vocal production in postpartum dairy cows: Temporal organization and association with maternal and stress behaviors.

Mammalian vocalizations can encode contextual information in both the spectrographic components of their individual vocal units and in their temporal organization. Here we observed 23 Holstein-Friesian dairy cows immediately after birth during interactions with their calf and when their calf was separated to the other side of a fence line. We investigated whether the vocalizations emitted in these postpartum contexts would vary temporally.

Vocal individuality of Holstein-Friesian cattle is maintained across putatively positive and negative farming contexts.

Cattle mother-offspring contact calls encode individual-identity information; however, it is unknown whether cattle are able to maintain individuality when vocalising to familiar conspecifics over other positively and negatively valenced farming contexts. Accordingly, we recorded 333 high-frequency vocalisations from 13 Holstein-Friesian heifers during oestrus and anticipation of feed (putatively positive), as well as denied feed access and upon both physical and physical & visual isolation from conspecifics (putatively negative). We measured 21 source-related and nonlinear vocal parameters and stepwise discriminant function analyses (DFA) were performed.

Molecular Signals Controlling the Inhibition of Nodulation by Nitrate in Medicago truncatula.

The presence of nitrogen inhibits legume nodule formation, but the mechanism of this inhibition is poorly understood. We found that 2.5 mM nitrate and above significantly inhibited nodule initiation but not root hair curling in Medicago trunatula.

Empagliflozin reduces blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of empagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension.

Research Design And Methods: Patients (N = 825) with type 2 diabetes and hypertension (mean seated systolic blood pressure [SBP] 130-159 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure [DBP] 80-99 mmHg) were randomized (double blind) to 10 mg or 25 mg empagliflozin or placebo once daily for 12 weeks.

Results: At week 12, adjusted mean difference versus placebo in change from baseline in mean 24-h SBP (ambulatory blood pressure monitoring [ABPM]) was -3.

Prucalopride is no more effective than placebo for children with functional constipation.

Background & Aims: Prucalopride is a selective, high-affinity agonist of the 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 4 that enhances motility in the gastrointestinal tract. We performed a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, phase 3 trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of prucalopride in children (6 months to 18 years old) with functional constipation.

Methods: Children with functional constipation, based on the Rome III criteria, were given prucalopride (children ≤ 50 kg were given a 0.

Use of triple-convergence polypropylene thread for the aesthetic correction of partial facial paralysis.

Rehabilitation and reanimation of the paralyzed face remains a challenge. A variety of autografts and allografts have been used for static facial suspension. We report two cases of long-standing partial facial paralysis treated with 3C triple-convergence polypropylene thread.

Stressors in the daily life of parents after a child's successful cancer treatment.

In previous studies, the report of distress has been documented in parents after successfully completing cancer treatment of a child. It is typically assumed that this distress represents lasting reactions to experiences during active treatment, in the form of post-traumatic stress or less severe crisis reactions. However, some researchers have suggested that parents may also perceive current stressors related to a child's cancer even after successful completion of the cancer treatment.