Evaluating the impact of integrated development: are we asking the right questions? A systematic review.

Emerging global transformations - including a new Sustainable Development Agenda - are revealing increasingly interrelated goals and challenges, poised to be addressed by similarly integrated, multi-faceted solutions. Research to date has focused on determining the effectiveness of these approaches, yet a key question remains: are synergistic effects produced by integrating two or more sectors?  We systematically reviewed impact evaluations on integrated development interventions to assess whether synergistic, amplified impacts are being measured and evaluated. The International Initiative for Impact Evaluation's (3ie) Impact Evaluation Repository comprised our sampling frame (n = 4,339).