Muscularity-oriented attitudes and behaviors among college-aged women: The role of sexual orientation.

While sexual minority (SM) status has been associated with poorer body image and greater eating pathology among men, findings are inconsistent among women. The lack of focus on muscularity-oriented attitudes and behaviors among SM women may contribute to these mixed findings; thus, we examined these constructs within a large sample of SM and heterosexual women. Our sample included 1511 cisgender women (n= 1213 heterosexual, n= 298 SM).

Promoting Resilience to Improve Disordered Eating (PRIDE): A case series of an eating disorder treatment for sexual minority individuals.

Objective: Despite the increased risk for eating disorders (EDs) among sexual minority (SM) individuals, no ED treatments exist specifically for this population. SM stress and appearance-based pressures may initiate and/or maintain ED symptoms in SM individuals; thus, incorporating strategies to reduce SM stressors into existing treatments may help address SM individuals' increased ED risk. This mixed-methods study evaluated the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of Promoting Resilience to Improve Disordered Eating (PRIDE)-a novel ED treatment for SM individuals.

A longitudinal study of potentially traumatic events and binge-purge eating disorder onset in children.

Although the association between childhood trauma and subsequent binge-purge spectrum eating disorders (BP-EDs) is established in adult samples, little is known about the temporal association between potentially traumatic life events and BP-ED onset in children. Using longitudinal data from the U.S.

Validation of a Farsi version of the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (F-EDE-Q) in adolescents and university students from Iran.

Background: Although the Farsi version of the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire (F-EDE-Q) is frequently utilized to assess disordered eating in Iran, its factor structure, reliability, and validity have not been investigated in Iranian samples, which is the aim of the current investigation.

Method: Using convenience sampling, this study recruited 1112 adolescents and 637 university students to complete disordered eating and mental health-focused questionnaires, including the F-EDE-Q.

Results: Confirmatory factor analyses of the 22 attitudinal items in the F-EDE-Q indicated that a brief seven-item, three-factor model (i.

Posttraumatic stress disorder, traumatic events, and longitudinal eating disorder treatment outcomes: A systematic review.

Objective: Many individuals diagnosed with an eating disorder (ED) have been exposed to traumatic events, and some of these individuals are diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Although theorized by researchers and clinicians, it is unclear whether traumatic event exposure or PTSD interferes with outcomes from ED treatment. The objective of the current study was to systematically review the literature on traumatic events and/or PTSD as either predictors or moderators of psychological treatment outcomes in EDs.

Integrating evidence-based PTSD treatment into intensive eating disorders treatment: a preliminary investigation.

Purpose: Given data suggesting common co-occurrence and worse outcomes for individuals with eating disorders (EDs) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), it is critical to identify integrated treatment approaches for this group of patients. Past work has explored the feasibility and initial efficacy of intervention approaches that draw on evidence-based treatments for both EDs and PTSD; however, this work remains limited in scope. In the current study, we explored the feasibility and naturalistic outcomes of PTSD treatment delivered within the context of intensive ED treatment.

Internalization of muscularity and thinness ideals: Associations with body dissatisfaction, eating disorder symptoms, and muscle dysmorphic symptoms in at risk sexual minority men.

Objective: In the tripartite influence model, appearance-ideal internalization is identified as a prominent risk factor for the development of body dissatisfaction and subsequent eating disorder (ED) behaviors. For men, prior research has emphasized the importance of both thin-ideal internalization and muscular-ideal internalization in explaining later ED behaviors and muscle dysmorphia (MD) symptoms. Previous research in heterosexual men has shown that the associations between muscular-ideal internalization and ED or MD symptoms may depend on whether the individual has also internalized the thin ideal.

Confirmatory Factor and Measurement Invariance Analyses of the Drive for Muscularity Scale in Sexual Minority Men and Women.

The Drive for Muscularity Scale (DMS) is a commonly used measure used to assess the pursuit of muscularity. However, the factor structure of this measure has yet to be confirmed in a sample of sexual minority women. Moreover, the invariance of this measure across gender has also yet to be explored.

Trauma exposure and eating disorders: Results from a United States nationally representative sample.

Objective: Sexual assault, child abuse, and combat have been linked to eating disorders (EDs). However, noninterpersonal trauma is relatively understudied, and therefore it is unknown whether noninterpersonal trauma is associated with EDs. Furthermore, most previous studies do not account for multiple trauma exposures, or the relative association of traumatic events with EDs in the same statistical model.

Psychiatric comorbidity of eating disorders in children between the ages of 9 and 10.

Background: Eating disorders exhibit high comorbidity with other psychiatric disorders, most notably mood, substance use, and anxiety disorders. However, most studies examining psychiatric comorbidity are conducted in adolescents and adults. Therefore, the comorbidity among children living with eating disorders is unknown.

Integrating minority stress theory and the tripartite influence model: A model of eating disordered behavior in sexual minority young adults.

Eating disorders are serious mental illnesses associated with high mortality rates and health complications. Prior research has found increased rates of eating pathology in sexual minority (SM; e.g.

Intimate partner violence and muscularity-building behavior in latino sexual minority men.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) has been associated with increased prevalence of eating disorders. In men, disordered eating is often related to the muscularized ideal. Sexual minority men (SMM; e.

Confirmatory factor and measurement invariance analyses of the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire in sexual minority men and women.

Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the factor structure of the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) in a large sample of cisgender sexual minority men and women, and subsequently, to evaluate measurement invariance by gender.

Method: The sample consisted of 962 sexual minority adult men (n = 479) and women (n = 483) who completed online self-report surveys. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted using two previously supported factor structures (Friborg et al.

The role of sexual minority stress and community involvement on disordered eating, dysmorphic concerns and appearance- and performance-enhancing drug misuse.

Prior research has established that sexual minority (SM) individuals are more likely to experience disordered body image behaviors and concerns than heterosexual individuals. This increased risk may be explained by minority stress theory - that SM individuals are subject to SM-specific stressors, leading to health disparities - but this has not yet been fully examined. Furthermore, this theory states that SM community involvement may mitigate negative outcomes.

The Dysmorphic Concern Questionnaire: Measurement invariance by gender and race/ethnicity among sexual minority adults.

Sexual minority adults report heightened body image disturbances, and may be more likely to meet criteria for body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) than their heterosexual counterparts. Given the poor outcomes associated with BDD, it is important to validate measures assessing dysmorphic symptoms among this at-risk group. The Dysmorphic Concern Questionnaire (DCQ) is a seven-item self-report measure intended to assess dysmorphic symptoms.

Appearance discrimination and binge eating among sexual minority men.

Sexual minority men (SMM) face substantial disparities in rates of binge eating compared to heterosexual individuals, underscoring the need to study risk factors for the development of binge eating amongst SMM. One potential explanation for this disparity in binge eating is minority stress theory, which posits that minority groups face stressors, such as discrimination, due to their stigmatized position in society. Additionally, specific domains of discrimination may confer different levels of risk for binge eating.

Weight-Related Information Avoidance Prospectively Predicts Poorer Self-Monitoring and Engagement in a Behavioral Weight Loss Intervention.

Background: Self-monitoring is a key component of behavioral weight loss (BWL) interventions. Past research suggests that individuals may avoid self-monitoring in certain contexts (e.g.

Stigmatizing weight experiences in health care: Associations with BMI and eating behaviours.

Introduction: Individuals with overweight or obesity often experience stigmatizing weight-related interactions in health care, though how these experiences are associated with body mass index (BMI) and eating behaviour is unknown. This study had three aims: (a) characterize types and frequency of stigmatizing health care experiences, (b) assess relationships among BMI, eating behaviour, and stigmatizing experiences, and (c) examine whether internalized weight stigma mediates the relationship between stigmatizing experiences, weight, and eating behaviour.

Methods: Adults (N = 85) enrolled in behavioural weight loss completed measures of stigmatizing health care experiences, weight bias internalization, eating behaviours, and BMI.

A psychometric investigation of the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-4-Revised among sexual minority adults in the U.S.

The Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-4 Revised (SATAQ-4R) is a measure of internalization (or belief and acceptance) of muscular, thin/low body fat, and general attractiveness ideals; and of sociocultural pressures experienced from family, peers, media, and significant others to achieve the ideal body. The current study examined the psychometric properties of the SATAQ-4R scores in a sample of sexual minority (non-heterosexual) men and women. Confirmatory factor analysis was employed to examine the factor structure in men (n = 479) and women (n = 482).

Participant and interventionist perceptions of challenges during behavioral weight loss treatment.

No prior studies have examined how interventionists' perceptions of participants' weight control challenges or the agreement between participants and interventionists on these perceptions relate to outcomes during group-based behavioral weight loss treatment. This study characterized participants' and interventionists' perceptions of, and agreement about, weight control challenges and assessed how these factors relate to weight loss. Three months into treatment, participants and interventionists independently selected three weight control challenges believed to be most relevant for each participant.

Examination of Nutrition Literacy and Quality of Self-monitoring in Behavioral Weight Loss.

Background: Few have examined nutrition literacy (i.e., capacity to process and make informed nutritional decisions) in behavioral weight loss.

An evaluation of the Aerie Real campaign: Potential for promoting positive body image?

This study evaluated the impact on young women's body satisfaction of an advertising campaign: Aerie Real, which included images of models who were not digitally modified. In total, 200 female students were randomly allocated to view either Aerie Real images or digitally modified images from previous campaigns. In the total sample, no condition differences appeared.