Co-design of a paediatric post-trauma electronic psychosocial screen.

Purpose: To optimise care pathways and provide greater transparency of the psychosocial needs of injured children after hospital discharge by extending post-discharge psychosocial screening to children admitted with traumatic injury for ≥24 h.

Design And Methods: This mixed-methods study used a co-design approach informed by the Experience-Based Co-design (EBCD) framework. Interviews with carers were used to evaluate experiences and generate views on psychosocial support interventions.

Mental Health Difficulties of Turkish Healthcare Workers and Non-Healthcare Workers and Their Young Children During Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic.

Background: Young children and their caregivers have faced an increased risk of developing mental health difficulties during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. However, very little is still known about the mental health of children younger than 6 years. Existing research suggests that families with caregiver/s who are healthcare workers may be at increased risk.

COVID-19 Unmasked Global Collaboration Protocol: longitudinal cohort study examining mental health of young children and caregivers during the pandemic.

Background: Early empirical data shows that school-aged children, adolescents and adults are experiencing elevated levels of anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. Currently, there is very little research on mental health outcomes for young children.

Objectives: To describe the formation of a global collaboration entitled, 'COVID-19 Unmasked.

Topical Review: Medical Trauma During Early Childhood.

Objective: Early childhood is a high-risk period for exposure to traumatic medical events due to injury/illness. It is also one of the most important and vulnerable periods due to rapid development in neurobiological systems, attachment relationships, cognitive and linguistic capacities, and emotion regulation. The aim of this topical review is to evaluate empirical literature on the psychological impact of medical trauma during early childhood (0-6 years) to inform models of clinical care for assessing, preventing, and treating traumatic stress following injury/illness.

Accuracy of delirium assessments in critically ill children: A prospective, observational study during routine care.

Objectives: The objectives of this study was to explore the accuracy of the Cornell Assessment for Pediatric Delirium (CAP-D), Pediatric Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (pCAM-ICU), and Preschool Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (psCAM-ICU) when implemented in routine care as delirium screening tools, and to assess patient characteristics and clinical variables that may affect their validity.

Design: This is a prospective observational study.

Setting: The study was conducted in a 36-bed, mixed paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) at an Australian tertiary hospital.

Preventive intervention for trauma reactions in young injured children: results of a multi-site randomised controlled trial.

Background: Young children are at particular risk for injury. Ten per cent to twenty-five per cent develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, no empirically supported preventive interventions exist.

PTSD in Children Below the Age of 6 Years.

Purpose Of Review: This review summarizes the latest evidence and developments in the validation of PTSD diagnostic criteria for children 6 years and under (PTSD<6Y), discusses the limitations of the current diagnostic criteria, and highlights areas for future research.

Recent Findings: Research has found that the DSM-5 PTSD<6Y, and a similar version in the DC:0-5, currently provides the most developmentally sensitive classification of PTSD for young children. In contrast, preliminary evidence suggests that the ICD-11 criteria might not appropriately capture PTSD in young children.

Delirium in the Critically Ill Child: Assessment and Sequelae.

Delirium is a common and serious neuropsychiatric complication in critically ill patients of all ages. In the context of critical illness, delirium may emerge as a result of a cascade of underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms and signals organ failure of the brain. Awareness of the clinical importance of delirium in adults is growing as emerging research demonstrates that delirium represents a serious medical problem with significant sequelae.

Coping with Accident Reactions (CARE) early intervention programme for preventing traumatic stress reactions in young injured children: study protocol for two randomised controlled trials.

Background: Accidental injury represents the most common type of traumatic event experienced by children under the age of 6 years. Around 10-30 % of young injured children will go on to develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other co-morbid conditions. Parents of injured children are also at risk of PTSD, and this is associated with short- and long-term consequences for their children's physical and psychological recovery.

Prospective evaluation of parent distress following pediatric burns and identification of risk factors for young child and parent posttraumatic stress disorder.

Objective: Early childhood is a high-risk time for exposure to potentially traumatic medical events. We have previously reported that 10% of young children continue to have posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) 6 months after burn injury. This study aimed to 1) document the prevalence and prospective change in parental psychological distress over 6 months following their child's burn injury and 2) identify risk factors for posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in young children and their parents.

Prevalence, comorbidity and course of trauma reactions in young burn-injured children.

Background: Infants, toddlers and preschoolers are the highest risk group for burn injury. However, to date this population has been largely neglected. This study examined the prevalence, onset, comorbidity and recovery patterns of posttrauma reactions in young children with burns.

Diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder in preschool children.

This study investigated the existing diagnostic algorithms for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) to determine the most developmentally sensitive and valid approach for diagnosing this disorder in preschoolers. Participants were 130 parents of unintentionally burned children (1-6 years). Diagnostic interviews were conducted with parents to assess for PTSD in their child at 1 and 6 months postinjury and the Child Behavior Checklist for 1.

Trauma in early childhood: a neglected population.

Infants, toddlers and preschoolers are a high risk group for exposure to trauma. Young children are also vulnerable to experiencing adverse outcomes as they are undergoing a rapid developmental period, have limited coping skills and are strongly dependent on their primary caregiver to protect them physically and emotionally. However, although millions of young children experience trauma each year, this population has been largely neglected.

Predicting children's post-traumatic stress symptoms following hospitalization for accidental injury: combining the Child Trauma Screening Questionnaire and heart rate.

This study investigated the utility of combining the Child Trauma Screening Questionnaire (CTSQ) [Kenardy, J. A., Spence, S.

Elevated heart rate as a predictor of PTSD six months following accidental pediatric injury.

The present study investigated the relationship between elevated heart rate (HR) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) 6 months following accidental pediatric injury. The HR was taken in 101 children, aged 7 to 16 years, upon arrival at the hospital and again 24 hours following admission. Posttraumatic stress disorder was assessed 6 months later using the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-IV (W.