The roles of familial transmission and smoking during pregnancy on executive function skills: A sibling-comparison study.

This research examines maternal smoking during pregnancy and risk for poorer executive function in siblings discordant for exposure. Data ( = 173 families) were drawn from the Missouri Mothers and Their Children study, a sample, identified using birth records (years 1998-2005), in which mothers changed smoking behavior between two pregnancies (Child 1 [older sibling]: = 12.99; Child 2 [younger sibling]: = 10.