A landscape review to identify what matters to patients with thrombotic cardiovascular diseases and patient-reported outcome instruments which can be used to capture the patient experience.

Purpose: Thrombotic cardiovascular diseases profoundly impact patients' health-related quality of life (HRQoL). However, patient-reported outcome (PRO) instruments that are disease-specific or antithrombotic-treatment focused, developed according to US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidance on PROs, and can be used in clinical trials, are lacking. The aim of this study was to understand concepts important to patients diagnosed with coronary artery disease (CAD) or acute coronary syndrome (ACS), atrial fibrillation (AF), or stroke who require antithrombotic treatment for reducing risk of future thrombotic events (indications being evaluated for an investigational new drug), identify PROs that measure relevant symptoms and impacts, and determine acceptability of PROs from a health technology assessment (HTA) perspective.

Updated Recommendations on Evidence Needed to Support Measurement Comparability Among Modes of Data Collection for Patient-Reported Outcome Measures: A Good Practices Report of an ISPOR Task Force.

The ISPOR Task Force on measurement comparability between modes of data collection for patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) has updated the good practice recommendations from the 2009 ISPOR electronic patient-reported outcome and 2014 patient-reported outcome mixed modes Good Research Practices Task Force reports in light of accumulated evidence of measurement comparability among different modes of PROM data collection. Furthermore, with the increasing use of electronic formats of clinical outcome assessments in clinical trials and the US Food and Drug Administration's encouragement of electronic data collection, this new task force report provides stakeholders with best practice recommendations reflecting the current body of evidence and enables them to respond to future developments in research and technology. This task force recommends an evidence-based approach to determine whether new research is needed to evaluate measurement comparability for a given questionnaire or technology.

Best Practice Recommendations for Electronic Patient-Reported Outcome Dataset Structure and Standardization to Support Drug Development.

The electronic patient-reported outcome (ePRO) Dataset Structure and Standardization Project is a multistakeholder initiative formed by Critical Path Institute's PRO Consortium and Electronic Clinical Outcome Assessment (eCOA) Consortium to address issues related to ePRO dataset structure and standardization and to provide best practice recommendations for clinical trial sponsors and eCOA providers. Given the many benefits of utilizing electronic modes to capture PRO data, clinical trials are increasingly using these methods, yet there are challenges to using data generated by eCOA systems. Clinical Data Interchange Standards Consortium (CDISC) standards are used in clinical trials to ensure consistency in data collection, tabulation, and analysis and to facilitate regulatory submission.

Association of Tafamidis With Health Status in Patients With ATTR Cardiac Amyloidosis: A Post Hoc Analysis of the ATTR-ACT Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Tafamidis reduced all-cause mortality and cardiovascular-related hospitalizations and minimized patient-reported health status deterioration at 30 months in patients with transthyretin (ATTR) amyloidosis. However, the clinical significance of health status changes remains unclear, particularly in patients with New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III symptoms who experienced more cardiovascular-related hospitalizations than those with NYHA class I-II symptoms.

Objective: To evaluate the health status of patients taking tafamidis with baseline NYHA class III symptoms.

Identification of prescription opioid misuse and abuse behaviors and risk factors in chronic pain patients using the Prescription Opioid Misuse and Abuse Questionnaire (POMAQ).

Objectives: To identify patient risk factors associated with prescription opioid misuse and abuse as well as groupings of misuse and abuse behaviors as measured by the Prescription Opioid Misuse and Abuse Questionnaire (POMAQ).

Methods: Adults with chronic pain requiring long-term treatment with opioids completed the POMAQ and other study questionnaires. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to examine underlying subgroups exhibiting particular risk profiles.

Clinical scoring algorithm for the prescription opioid misuse and abuse questionnaire (POMAQ).

Objective: The Prescription Opioid Misuse and Abuse Questionnaire (POMAQ) was developed to identify prescription opioid misuse and abuse among patients with chronic pain. A clinical scoring algorithm was developed and refined to align with the patient experience.

Methods: This study utilized data from the POMAQ validation study (3033-4, NCT02660606) conducted on a sample of patients with chronic pain living in the United States.

Best Practice Recommendations: User Acceptance Testing for Systems Designed to Collect Clinical Outcome Assessment Data Electronically.

Implementing clinical outcome assessments electronically in clinical studies requires the sponsor and electronic clinical outcome assessment (eCOA) provider to work closely together to implement study-specific requirements and ensure consensus-defined best practices are followed. One of the most important steps is for sponsors to conduct user acceptance testing (UAT) using an eCOA system developed by the eCOA provider. UAT provides the clinical study team including sponsor or designee an opportunity to evaluate actual software performance and ensure that the sponsor's intended requirements were communicated clearly and accurately translated into the system design, and that the system conforms to a sponsor-approved requirements document based on the study protocol.

Insight into chronic pain in the United States: descriptive results from the Prescription Opioid Misuse and Abuse Questionnaire (POMAQ) validation study.

Objective: A chronic pain patient sample living in the United States who participated in a cross-sectional study to evaluate the validity and reproducibility of the Prescription Opioid Misuse and Abuse Questionnaire is characterized.

Methods: Patients with chronic pain identified through electronic medical records as refilling at least one opioid prescription within the prior 3 months were recruited from five United States Department of Defense Military Health System clinics. Patients completed the Prescription Opioid Misuse and Abuse Questionnaire, Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form, Medical Outcomes Study: 36-item Short Form, and sociodemographic questions online.

Establishing the content validity of the Prescription Opioid Misuse and Abuse Questionnaire (POMAQ) among chronic pain patients.

Objectives: Content validation is essential in the development of patient-reported instruments to ensure relevancy and understandability. The aim was to evaluate patient understanding of the Prescription Opioid Misuse and Abuse Questionnaire (POMAQ) using cognitive interviewing among adults with chronic moderate to severe pain.

Methods: This qualitative study involved a one-time in-clinic visit to conduct one-on-one cognitive interviews among participants with chronic moderate to severe pain from four groups: (1) Known Opioid Abuse; (2) Known Abuse of Other Substances (e.

Construct validity and reproducibility of the Prescription Opioid Misuse And Abuse Questionnaire (POMAQ).

Objective: The Prescription Opioid Misuse and Abuse Questionnaire was developed to identify prescription opioid abuse and misuse among patients with chronic pain, however, evidence of construct validity and reproducibility is needed.

Methods: Chronic pain patients were recruited from five Department of Defense Military Health System clinics across the United States. Construct validity was examined using subjective clinician-reported and patient-reported measures as well as objective information (e.

Postmarketing studies program to assess the risks and benefits of long-term use of extended-release/long-acting opioids among chronic pain patients.

: Among patients with chronic pain using long-term opioid therapy, the incidence of opioid abuse, addiction, overdose, and associated death are not well quantified. The range of estimates for these adverse outcomes varies drastically and may depend on how they are measured (i.e.

Cost of opioid medication abuse with and without tampering in the USA.

Objective: To provide per-patient estimates of the economic burden for opioid medication abuse with and without tampering.

Patients And Methods: Adults in the US who participated in the 2010 and/or 2011 National Health and Wellness Survey were resurveyed to provide information on use and abuse of prescription opioids in the previous 3 months. Participants (N=20,885) were categorized as those who abused and tampered (n=107), abused without tampering (n=118), those who reported using of opioids as prescribed (n=981), and non-opioid controls (n=19,679).

The Economic Impact of New Therapeutic Interventions on Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) Symptom Scores in Patients with Alzheimer Disease.

Background/aims: Few studies have modeled individual Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) symptom scores for Alzheimer disease (AD) patients and assessed the value of therapeutic interventions that can potentially impact them. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of new AD symptomatic treatments on relevant health economic outcomes via their potential effects on cognition and neuropsychiatric symptoms such as depression, irritability, anxiety, and sleep disorder.

Methods: We enhanced the previously published AHEAD model (Assessment of Health Economics in Alzheimer's Disease) by including new variables and functional relations to capture the NPI's individual neuropsychiatric symptoms in addition to the total NPI score.

Patient-reported health-related quality of life, work productivity, and activity impairment during treatment with ALO-02 (extended-release oxycodone and sequestered naltrexone) for moderate-to-severe chronic low back pain.

Background: The efficacy of ALO-02, an abuse-deterrent formulation containing extended-release oxycodone and sequestered naltrexone, in the treatment of chronic low back pain (CLBP) was studied in a 12-week randomized controlled trial. Primary efficacy endpoint results have been published previously (Rauck et al., 2015).

Validation of overactive bladder questionnaire (1-week recall version) in medically complex elderly patients with overactive bladder.

Introduction: The 33-item Overactive Bladder questionnaire (OAB-q; 1-week recall version) has been psychometrically validated in middle-aged, generally healthy patients with overactive bladder. The present analysis was conducted to determine the psychometric validity of the OAB-q in medically complex elderly patients.

Methods: OAB-q structure was evaluated using a second-order confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) model with five domains and one aggregated domain, using pooled data from two clinical trials (786 observations) for urgency urinary incontinence (UUI).

The content validation of the Self-Reported Misuse, Abuse and Diversion of Prescription Opioids (SR-MAD) instrument for use in patients with acute or chronic pain.

Background: Establishing content validity is an essential component of instrument development.

Objective: To assess the content validity and patient interpretation of the Self-Reported Misuse, Abuse and Diversion of Prescription Opioids (SR-MAD) instrument.

Methods: A cross-sectional, qualitative study was conducted in patients with chronic or acute pain.

Optimizing Electronic Capture of Clinical Outcome Assessment Data in Clinical Trials: The Case of Patient-Reported Endpoints.

For a number of compelling scientific, operational, and regulatory reasons, the use of electronic data capture is becoming the preferred means of collecting clinical outcome assessment (eg, patient-reported outcome [PRO]) data in clinical trials. Electronic PRO (ePRO) data collection leverages screen-based technologies (eg, handheld devices, tablet computers, and web-based systems) and telephone-based (eg, interactive voice response) systems. Data collection is routinely either site based (ie, clinical study site) or field based (eg, subject's home, school, or workplace).

Prescription opioid abuse and tampering in the United States: results of a self-report survey.

Objective: The objective of this study is to estimate the prevalence and impact of prescription opioid abuse and tampering among US adults.

Methods: Participants from the US National Health and Wellness Survey were invited to complete an online survey assessing use, misuse, and abuse of prescription opioid medications in the preceding 3 months. A total of 25,864 adults were screened for self-reported opioid abuse.

Moving towards a comprehensive assessment of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).

Aims: To evaluate the utility of the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and the LUTS Tool when assessing lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Secondary objectives were to examine associations of LUTS and treatment seeking.

Methods: Analyses were performed using EpiLUTS data, a population-based, cross-sectional, Internet survey of men and women (aged ≥40) in Sweden, UK, and US with a sample of 30,000 participants.

Patient preferences in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy.

Objective: Accounting for patient preferences may be especially important in diabetes mellitus, given the challenge in identifying factors associated with treatment adherence. Although preference studies have been performed in diabetes, none have examined treatments used in diabetic retinopathy (DR). The objective of this study was to elicit patient preferences for attributes associated with antivascular endothelial growth factor, focal and panretinal laser, and steroid therapy used in DR management.

Neurocognitive impairment in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus: measurement issues in diagnosis.

Objective: To assess the prevalence of neurocognitive impairment (NCI) in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE) by comparing published classification criteria, and to examine associations between NCI, disease characteristics, psychosocial well-being, and intelligence.

Methods: cSLE patients and ethnicity- and age-matched healthy controls completed a neuropsychological research battery, and results were categorized by 3 different NCI classification criteria with different cutoff scores (e.g.

Scoliosis surgery in children with neuromuscular disease: findings from the US National Inpatient Sample, 1997 to 2003.

Background: Scoliosis is a frequent complication of pediatric neuromuscular disease (NMD). Scoliosis surgery in children with NMD is thought to carry greater morbidity and mortality.

Objectives: To study demographics, comorbidities, outcomes, and hospitalization expenditures among children with NMD undergoing scoliosis surgery.

Patient preferences for diabetic retinopathy health States.

PURPOSE. To develop standardized descriptions of health states that characterize vision-specific functional impacts of diabetic retinopathy (DR) according to levels of visual acuity and contrast sensitivity and to elicit preferences for these health states from persons with DR and assign weighted values to them. METHODS.

Web-based data management for a phase II clinical trial in ALS.

The objective was to report on the creation, features and performance of a web-based data management system for a two-stage phase II randomized clinical trial of Co-Enzyme Q10 in ALS. We created a relatively comprehensive web-based data system that provided electronic data entry; patient management utilities; adverse event reporting, safety monitoring, and invoice generation; and standardized coding for medications and adverse events. In stage 1, clinical sites submitted 7207 forms reporting on 105 patients followed for 10 months.