Dye Sensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy.

Photofrin was first approved in the 1990s as a sensitizer for use in treating cancer via photodynamic therapy (PDT). Since then a wide variety of dye sensitizers have been developed and a few have been approved for PDT treatment of skin and organ cancers and skin diseases such as . Porphyrinoid derivatives and precursors have been the most successful in producing requisite singlet oxygen, with Photofrin still remaining the most efficient sensitizer (quantum yield = 0.

Chlorine disinfection of dye wastewater: implications for a commercial azo dye mixture.

Azo dyes, the most widely used family of synthetic dyes, are often employed as colorants in areas such as textiles, plastics, foods/drugs/cosmetics, and electronics. Following their use in industrial applications, azo dyes have been found in effluents and various receiving waters. Chemical treatment of effluents containing azo dyes includes disinfection using chlorine, which can generate compounds of varying eco/genotoxicity.