Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders and Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction in Children and Adolescents: A Scoping Review.

Aims: Sleep disordered breathing (SDB), lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD), and enuresis (NE) are common in children and adolescents and have serious consequences, especially on social and emotional development. Even though much is known about the association between SDB and NE among adults, the number of articles in children and adolescents is limited. Therefore, the aim of the present scoping review was to map out the current knowledge about SDB and LUTD in children and adolescents.

Sleep duration, sleep problems and developmental trajectories of urinary incontinence: a prospective cohort study.

To examine if preschool sleep duration and sleep problems are associated with urinary incontinence (UI) at primary school-age. We used multinomial logistic regression to examine the association of child sleep duration/problems (3½ years) with UI trajectories (4-9 years) in 8751 (4507 boys, 4244 girls) from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. We adjusted for sex, socioeconomic indicators, mothers' emotional/practical/financial support, developmental delay, stressful life events, temperament, and emotional/behaviour problems.

Functional neuroimaging related to lower urinary tract sensations: Future directions for study designs and selection of patient groups: ICI-RS 2023.

Objectives: Neuroimaging studies have advanced our understanding of the intricate central nervous system control network governing lower urinary tract (LUT) function, shedding light on mechanisms for urine storage and voiding. However, a lack of consensus in methodological approaches hinders the comparability of results among research groups and limits the translation of this knowledge to clinical applications, emphasizing the need for standardized methodologies and clinical utilization guidelines.

Methods: This paper reports the discussions of a workshop at the 2023 meeting of the International Consultation on Incontinence Research Society, which reviewed uncertainties and research priorities to progress the field of neuroimaging in LUT control and dysfunction.

[Functional (Nonorganic) Enuresis and Daytime Urinary Incontinence in Children and Adolescents: Clinical Guideline for Assessment and Treatment].

Functional (Nonorganic) Enuresis and Daytime Urinary Incontinence in Children and Adolescents: Clinical Guideline for Assessment and Treatment Enuresis and daytime urinary incontinence are common disorders in children and adolescents and are associated with incapacitation and a high rate of comorbid psychological disorders. This interdisciplinary guideline summarizes the current state of knowledge regarding somatic and psychiatric assessment and treatment. We formulate consensus-based, practical recommendations.

Continence Problems and Mental Health in Adolescents from a UK Cohort.

Background: Adolescents with continence problems experience unique threats to their psychological well-being, but long-term mental health sequelae are unknown.

Objective: To examine prospective relationships between incontinence/lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and mental health problems in young people.

Design, Setting, And Participants: A prospective cohort study of young people (n = 7332: 3639 males and 3693 females) from a population-based sample was conducted.

Mental health problems, stressful life events and new-onset urinary incontinence in primary school-age children: a prospective cohort study.

Emotional/behaviour problems and exposure to stressful life events are thought to contribute to new onset of urinary incontinence (UI) amongst children who have attained bladder control. However, very few prospective studies have examined these associations. We assessed whether mental health problems and stressful life events were associated with subsequent new onset in UI using multivariable logistic regression in a prospective UK cohort (n = 6408).

[Functional Constipation and Nonretentive Fecal Incontinence in Children and Adolescents: Clinical Guideline for Assessment and Treatment].

Functional Constipation and Nonretentive Fecal Incontinence in Children and Adolescents: Clinical Guideline for Assessment and Treatment Constipation and fecal incontinence are common disorders in children and adolescents and are associated with incapacitation and a high rate of comorbid psychological disorders. Functional constipation and nonretentive fecal incontinence can be differentiated according to the current Rome-IV classification systems. This interdisciplinary guideline aims to summarize the current state of knowledge regarding somatic and psychiatric assessment and treatment.

Quality of life and psychological aspects in children with overactive bladder treated with parasacral transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation - A prospective multicenter study.

Objective: To assess the impact of parasacral transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (parasacral TENS) on quality of life (QoL) and psychological aspects in children treated for overactive bladder (OAB).

Methods: This international, multicenter, prospective cohort study involved individuals of 6-16 years of age under TENS treatment for OAB. The study was conducted between June 2016 and December 2019 in four participating centers: two in Australia, one in Germany and one in Brazil.

Constipation in Children and Adolescents.

Background: According to a population-based study, approximately 6.8% of children and adolescents in Germany suffer from acute or chronic constipation. It can be of organic or functional origin and may be associated with comorbid disturbances, particularly fecal incontinence.

Anxiety disorders, depression and incontinence in preschool children-A population-based study.

Objective: The aim was to examine associations of specific anxiety disorders, depressive symptoms, and incontinence in a representative, population-based sample of preschool children.

Methods: All preschool children of a defined geographical area examined before school-entry were included. Parents completed a questionnaire including the Preschool Feelings Checklist (PFC), eight questions referring to nocturnal enuresis (NE), daytime urinary incontinence (DUI), fecal incontinence (FI) and constipation, and 30 items regarding Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fifth Edition (DSM-5) diagnostic criteria of separation anxiety disorder (SAD), social phobia (SOC), specific phobia (PHOB), and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD).

Incontinence and sleep disturbances in young children: A population-based study.

Aims: Nocturnal enuresis (NE), daytime urinary incontinence (DUI), fecal incontinence (FI), as well as sleep and behavioral problems are common in young children. The aim of this study was to analyze the association of sleep and psychological parameters for all types of incontinence in a representative sample of young children.

Methods: Six hundred thirty eight (of 1161) children with a mean age of 5.

Reasons for admission and variance of body weight at referral in female inpatients with anorexia nervosa in Germany.

Background: Body mass index (BMI) at hospital admission in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) represents a prognostic marker for mortality, chronicity and future body weight. The current study focused on the associations between BMI standard deviation score (BMI-SDS) at admission and reasons for seeking inpatient treatment. Further interest was given to the relationship between premorbid weight and weight at admission, as well as the effect of both weight at referral and reasons for admission on treatment outcome.

Neurodevelopmental disorders and incontinence in children and adolescents: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and intellectual disability-A consensus document of the International Children's Continence Society.

Aims: Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDs) are incapacitating disorders, which begin early in life, are mainly caused by genetic and neurobiological factors, and show a tendency to persist. They are associated with higher rates of incontinence in children and adolescents, including nocturnal enuresis, daytime urinary incontinence, fecal incontinence, and constipation. Without diagnosis and treatment, they will interfere with incontinence treatment leading to less favorable outcomes.

State and trait anxiety in children with incontinence and their parents.

Background: Maternal anxiety increases the risk for incontinence in children. The aim was to analyze anxiety in children with incontinence and their parents before (t1) and after 6 months of incontinence treatment (t2).

Methods: 40 children with incontinence and 40 controls completed the State-trait Anxiety Inventory for Children, their parents the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and the State-trait Anxiety Inventory at baseline (t1) and 6 months later (follow-up, t2).

Psychopathology and Parental Stress in 3-6-Year-Old Children with Incontinence.

Incontinence and functional gastrointestinal disorders are common in young children and are associated with higher rates of psychological symptoms and mental disorders. This article focuses on the mutual association between incontinence and related toilet refusal syndrome, parental stress, and children's psychopathology especially in young children. Children's psychological symptoms, mental disorders, and parental stress levels were assessed in 38 parent-child dyads involving children with incontinence and 42 dyads of typically developing (TD) children.

[Elimination disorders - ICD-11 classification and definitions].

Elimination disorders - ICD-11 classification and definitions Elimination disorders are common in children and are can be divided into three main groups: nocturnal enuresis, daytime urinary incontinence, and encopresis or fecal incontinence. There are also many subgroups that can be diagnosed exactly. This review critically presents the definitions and the classification suggestions of the ICD-11.

Behavioral comorbidity, overweight, and obesity in children with incontinence: An analysis of 1638 cases.

Aims: Children with nocturnal enuresis (NE), daytime urinary incontinence (DUI), and fecal incontinence (FI) are at risk for behavioral problems, overweight, and obesity. The aim of this study was to analyze the specific behavioral and weight comorbidity in subtypes of incontinence.

Methods: A total of 1638 consecutive patients presented to a tertiary incontinence clinic from 2012 to 2018 was examined prospectively according to ICCS criteria.

Age dependency of body mass index distribution in childhood and adolescent inpatients with anorexia nervosa with a focus on DSM-5 and ICD-11 weight criteria and severity specifiers.

Both DSM-5 and ICD-11 have provided weight cut-offs and severity specifiers for the diagnosis of anorexia nervosa (AN) in childhood, adolescence and adulthood. The aims of the current study focusing on inpatients aged < 19 years were to assess (1) the relationship between age and body mass index (BMI; kg/m), BMI-centiles, BMI-standard deviation scores (BMI-SDS) and body height-SDS at referral, (2) the percentages of patients fulfilling the DSM-5 and ICD-11 weight criteria and severity categories for AN, and (3) the validity of the AN severity specifiers via analysis of both weight related data at discharge and inpatient treatment duration. The German Registry for Anorexia Nervosa encompassed complete data sets for 469 female patients (mean age = 15.

Should we routinely assess psychological morbidities in idiopathic lower urinary tract dysfunction: ICI-RS 2019?

Aims: Psychological morbidities play a major role in idiopathic lower urinary tract dysfunction (iLUTD). The aim of the Think Tank (TT) was to discuss the relevance of psychological morbidities in idiopathic LUTD over the life span, including overactive bladder (OAB) or dysfunctional voiding (DV) and methods of assessment.

Methods: The paper is based on a selective review of the literature and in-depth discussions, leading to research recommendations regarding the assessment of psychological morbidities in iLUTD on children and adults held during the TT of the International Consultation on Incontinence Research Society in 2019.

Incontinence in persons with tuberous sclerosis complex.

Aims: Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a multisystem genetic disorder caused by a mutation in the TSC1 or TSC2 gene with a broad spectrum of physical and psychological manifestations. The aim of the study was to examine incontinence, psychological problems, and adaptive behavior skills in patients with TSC.

Methods: Through a worldwide TSC support group, 26 children (4-17 years) and 15 adults (18-50 years) with TSC were recruited (38.

Incontinence in persons with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: a polish cohort.

Introduction: Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) is an important preventable public health concern, associated to a number of common pediatric problems such as incontinence. Little is known about the prevalence and presentation of incontinence in FASD, which hinders effective management.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate incontinence among people with FASD.

Bladder and bowel control in a population-based sample: Associations to quality of life and behavioral problems of 4-6-year-old children participating in the German Health Interview and Examination Survey (KiGGS).

Background: Prevalence rates for psychiatric comorbidities are high in incontinent children. We analyzed data from the KiGGS survey in order to assess the rate of preschool children with delayed or regular continence, the mean age of gaining continence, psychiatric problems, and quality of life in a nation-wide, representative sample.

Methods: Parental questionnaire data of 3875 preschool children (4-6 years) were analyzed.

Bladder-bowel interactions: Do we understand pelvic organ cross-sensitization? International Consultation on Incontinence Research Society (ICI-RS) 2018.

Aims: Mounting evidence from experimental animal and human studies suggests that cross-sensitization exists between different organs. Lower urinary tract (LUT) and bowel dysfunction commonly overlap, and the role of cross-sensitization between pelvic visceral organs is uncertain.

Methods: At the International Consultation on Incontinence Research Society (ICI-RS) meeting in 2018, a panel of clinicians participated in a discussion on bladder and bowel interactions in the context of pelvic organ cross-sensitization.

Can we improve our management of dysfunctional voiding in children and adults: International Consultation on Incontinence Research Society; ICI-RS2018?

Aims: Dysfunctional voiding (DV) remains a poorly understood and a poorly managed problem, both in children and adults. The Think Tank (TT) discussed how to improve the management of DV in these two different age groups and in transitional care.

Methods: During the 2018 International Consultation on Incontinence Research Society held in Bristol, a multidisciplinary TT on DV was created.