Psychometric Performance Comparison of the Adapted versus Original Versions of the EQ-5D-Y-3L and -Y-5L in Proxy Respondents for 2- to 4-Year-Olds.

Introduction: Few preference-weighted instruments are available to measure health-related quality of life in young children (2-4 years of age). The EQ-5D-Y-3L and EQ-5D-Y-5L were recently modified for this purpose.

Objective: The aim of this study was to test the psychometric properties of these adapted versions for use with parent proxies of children aged 2-4 years and to compare their performance with the original versions.

Sudden Cardiac Death in People With Schizophrenia: Higher Risk, Poorer Resuscitation Profiles, and Differing Pathologies.

Background: People with schizophrenia account for approximately 1.0% of the population and seem to experience increased rates of sudden cardiac death (SCD).

Objectives: This study sought to determine characteristics of increased SCD in people with schizophrenia.

A Qualitative Investigation to Develop an Adapted Version of the EQ-5D-Y-3L for Use in Children Aged 2-4 Years.

Objectives: Few preference-weighted health-related quality-of-life measures exist for children under 5 years of age. Young children are substantial consumers of healthcare services. This project aims to assess EQ-5D-Y-3L's appropriateness in children aged 2 to 4 years and to coproduce with parents a suitable adaptation.

Causes, circumstances, and potential preventability of cardiac arrest in the young: insights from a state-wide clinical and forensic registry.

Aims: The causes, circumstances, and preventability of young sudden cardiac arrest remain uncertain.

Methods And Results: A prospective state-wide multi-source registry identified all out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs) in 1-50 year olds in Victoria, Australia, from 2019 to 2021. Cases were adjudicated using hospital and forensic records, clinic assessments and interviews of survivors and family members.

Factors predicting cardiac arrest in acute coronary syndrome patients under 50: A state-wide angiographic and forensic evaluation of outcomes.

Background: An uncertain proportion of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) also experience out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Predictors of OHCA in ACS remain unclear and vulnerable to selection bias as pre-hospital deceased patients are usually not included.

Methods: Data on patients aged 18-50 years from a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and OHCA registry were combined to identify all patients experiencing OHCA due to ACS (not including those managed medically or who proceeded to cardiac surgery).

Inconsistent discharge diagnoses for young cardiac arrest episodes: insights from a statewide registry.

Background: Administrative coding of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is heterogeneous, with the prevalence of noninformative diagnoses uncertain.

Aim: To characterize the prevalence and type of non-informative diagnoses in a young cardiac arrest population.

Methods: Hospital discharge diagnoses provided to a statewide OHCA registry were characterised as either 'informative' or 'noninformative.

Obesity in young sudden cardiac death: Rates, clinical features, and insights into people with body mass index >50kg/m.

Objective: To contextualize obesity rates in young sudden cardiac death (SCD) against the age-matched national population, and identify clinical and pathologic features in WHO class II and III obesity.

Methods: A prospective state-wide out-of-hospital cardiac arrest registry included all SCDs in Victoria, Australia from 2019-2021. Body mass indices (BMIs) of patients 18-50 years were compared to age-referenced general population.

Higher rates but similar causes of young out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in rural Australian patients.

Objective: To determine whether young rural Australians have higher rates or different underlying causes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).

Design: A case-control design identified patients experiencing an OHCA, then compared annual OHCA rates and underlying causes in rural versus metropolitan Victoria. OHCA causes were defined as either cardiac or non-cardiac, with specific aetiologies including coronary disease, cardiomyopathy, unascertained cause of arrest, drug toxicity, respiratory event, neurological event and other cardiac and non-cardiac.

Prevalence of Coronary Artery Anomalies in Young and Middle-Aged Sudden Cardiac Death Victims (from a Prospective State-Wide Registry).

Coronary artery anomalies (CAAs) have been previously implicated as a major cause of young sudden cardiac death (SCD), particularly in exercise-related SCD, with a prevalence of up to 33%. A state-wide prospective out-of-hospital cardiac arrest registry identified all patients aged 1 to 50 years who experienced an SCD and underwent autopsy from April 2019 to April 2021. Rates of normal anatomy, normal variants, and CAAs were identified, and circumstances and causes of death for patients with CAAs examined.

Predictors and outcomes of in-hospital referrals for forensic investigation after young sudden cardiac death.

Background: Forensic investigations are recommended following sudden cardiac death (SCD) to determine cause of death and identify living relatives at potential risk. Not all young SCD patients are referred to coronial services.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify referral rates, predictors, and outcomes of young SCD patients who die in-hospital following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).

The Prevalence of Metabolic Disease Multimorbidity and Its Associations With Spending and Health Outcomes in Middle-Aged and Elderly Chinese Adults.

Metabolic diseases have been a clinical challenge worldwide and a major public health issue. Very few studies from China investigated the impact of metabolic multimorbidity on healthcare and health outcomes at the national level. This study aims to examine the association of metabolic multimorbidity with health service utilization, spending, functional and mental health.

Effect of multimorbidity on utilisation and out-of-pocket expenditure in Indonesia: quantile regression analysis.

Background: Multimorbidity (the presence of two or more non-communicable diseases) is a major growing challenge for many low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Yet, its effects on health care costs and financial burden for patients have not been adequately studied. This study investigates the effect of multimorbidity across the different percentiles of healthcare utilisation and out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE).

The economic impact of sudden cardiac arrest.

Background: There are 20,000 sudden cardiac arrests (SCAs) in Australia annually, with 90% case-fatality.

Objective: The present study calculated both the health and economic impact of SCAs in Victoria, Australia.

Methods: Data on all SCAs attended by Ambulance Victoria from July 2017 to June 2018 were collected regarding age, gender, and survival to hospital, discharge and 12 months.

Medical costs and out-of-pocket expenditures associated with multimorbidity in China: quantile regression analysis.

Objective: Multimorbidity is a growing challenge in low-income and middle-income countries. This study investigates the effects of multimorbidity on annual medical costs and the out-of-pocket expenditures (OOPEs) along the cost distribution.

Methods: Data from the nationally representative China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS 2015), including 10 592 participants aged ≥45 years and 15 physical and mental chronic diseases, were used for this nationally representative cross-sectional study.

The End Unexplained Cardiac Death (EndUCD) Registry for Young Australian Sudden Cardiac Arrest.

In 2019, the first multi-source registry of sudden cardiac arrest and death for patients aged 1-50 years launched in Victoria, Australia. Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) affects approximately fifteen hundred younger Victorians per year. The End Unexplained Cardiac Death (EndUCD) Registry enrols SCA/death (D) cases aged 1-50 years, providing family screening, access to psychological support through clinical sites and creating a genetic biorepository for whole-genome sequencing.