Metabolomic Profiling of Large Extracellular Vesicles in Patients Suffering from Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Background/aim: Large extracellular vesicles (lEV) offer a unique window into the metabolism of their cells of orign and dysregulation of lipid metabolism has been described in patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Therefore, metabolomic profiling of patients' lEVs may offer insight into cancer metabolism as well as new potential biomarkers for monitoring disease progression.

Materials And Methods: lEVs were isolated by differential centrifugation from the peripheral blood of SCLC patients and healthy controls.

Expression and prongostic impact of galectin-7 in human lung cancer.

Malignant tumors of the lung are the leading cancers worldwide. Prognostic biomarkers continue to be investigated for the detection and stratification of lung cancer for clinical use. In breast cancer cells and in lymphomas, the overexpression of galectin-7 led to increased metastasis.

Therapeutic Patterns and Clinical Outcomes in Limited Disease Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Decade of Analysis at a Tertiary Cancer Center.

In this study, we investigated the outcomes and factors influencing treatment efficacy in 93 patients with limited disease small cell lung cancer (LD-SCLC), with a median age of 64 years. We focused on the impact of chemotherapy regimens, prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI), and patient-related variables. The median follow-up for OS was 17.

And Yet It Moves: Clinical Outcomes and Motion Management in Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) of Centrally Located Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC): Shedding Light on the Internal Organ at Risk Volume (IRV) Concept.

The internal organ at risk volume (IRV) concept might improve toxicity profiles in stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We studied (1) clinical aspects in central vs. peripheral tumors, (2) the IRV concept in central tumors, (3) organ motion, and (4) associated normal tissue complication probabilities (NTCPs).

Expression and prognostic impact of DNA-PK in human lung cancer.

Among all cancer patient's lung cancer is the leading cause of death. Prognostic biomarkers continue to be investigated for the detection and stratification of lung cancer for clinical use. The DNA-dependent protein kinase is involved in mechanisms of DNA damage repair.

Phosphoproteomic Analysis Identifies TYRO3 as a Mediator of Sunitinib Resistance in Metastatic Thymomas.

Background: After initially responding to empiric radio-chemotherapy, most advanced thymomas (TH) and thymic carcinomas (TC) become refractory and require second-line therapy. The multi-target receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitor, sunitinib, is one of the few options, especially in patients with thymic carcinomas, and has resulted in partial remissions and prolonged overall survival. However, sunitinib shows variable activity in thymomas, and not all patients benefit equally.

Regulation and Therapeutic Targeting of MTHFD2 and EZH2 in KRAS-Mutated Human Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma.

Activating KRAS mutations occur in about 30% of pulmonary adenocarcinoma (AC) cases and the discovery of specific inhibitors of G12C-mutated KRAS has considerably improved the prognosis for a subgroup of about 14% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. However, even in patients with a KRAS G12C mutation, the overall response rate only reaches about 40% and mutations other than G12C still cannot be targeted. Despite the fact that one-carbon metabolism (1CM) and epigenetic regulation are known to be dysregulated by aberrant KRAS activity, we still lack evidence that co-treatment with drugs that regulate these factors might ameliorate response rates and patient prognosis.

Activation of CD44/PAK1/AKT signaling promotes resistance to FGFR1 inhibition in squamous-cell lung cancer.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) gene amplification is one of the most prominent and potentially targetable genetic alterations in squamous-cell lung cancer (SQCLC). Highly selective tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been developed to target FGFR1; however, resistance mechanisms originally existing in patients or acquired during treatment have so far led to limited treatment efficiency in clinical trials.

Expression and prognostic impact of CD49b in human lung cancer.

Lung cancer remains the worldwide leading cause of cancer-related death. Currently, prognostic biomarkers for the detection and stratification of lung cancer are being investigated for clinical use. The surface protein cluster of differentiation 49b (CD49b) plays an important role in promoting cell proliferation and invasion in different tumor entities and blocking CD49b improved the tumor immune response.

Functional apoptosis profiling identifies MCL-1 and BCL-xL as prognostic markers and therapeutic targets in advanced thymomas and thymic carcinomas.

Background: Multi-omics studies have shown a high and lack of common driver mutations in most thymomas (TH) and thymic carcinomas (TC) that hamper the development of novel treatment approaches. However, deregulation of apoptosis has been proposed as a common hallmark of TH and TC. BH3 profiling can be utilized to study the readiness of living cancer cells to undergo apoptosis and their dependency on pro-survival BCL-2 family proteins.

One carbon metabolism in human lung cancer.

Background: Lung cancer remains the major cause of cancer related death worldwide. The discovery of targeted therapies against activating mutations in genes like EGFR considerably improved the prognosis for a subgroup of patients but still leaves a large part without a targeted therapy. One carbon metabolism (1CM) has been investigated in several cancer entities and its increased activity has been linked to higher tumor aggressiveness and reduced prognosis.

Role of Annexin A1 in Squamous Cell Lung Cancer Progression.

Lung cancer remains the primary cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and its molecular mechanisms of tumor progression need further characterization to improve the clinical management of affected patients. The role of Annexin A1 (ANXA1) in tumorigenesis and cancer progression in general and especially in lung cancer remains to be controversial and seems to be highly tissue specific and inconsistent among tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. In the current study, we investigated ANXA1 expression in 81 squamous cell lung cancer (SQCLC), 86 pulmonary adenocarcinoma (AC), and 30 small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patient-derived tissue samples and its prognostic impact on patient's survival.

[Osteosynthesis of the unstable thoracic wall].

Objective: Surgical stabilization of patients with flail chest, dislocated serial rib and sternal fractures, posttraumatic deformities of the thorax, symptomatic non-unions of the ribs and/or sternum, and weaning failure to biomechanically stabilize the thorax and avoid respirator-dependent complications.

Indications: Combination of clinically and radiologically observed parameters, such as pattern of thoracic injuries, grade of fracture dislocation, pathological changes to breathing biomechanics, and failure of nonsurgical treatment.

Contraindications: Acute hemodynamical instability and signs of systemic infection.

Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 gene amplification and protein expression in human lung cancer.

Background: Targeting fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) is a potential treatment for squamous cell lung cancer (SQCLC). So far, treatment decision in clinical studies is based on gene amplification. However, only a minority of patients have shown durable response.

Surgical approaches for treatment of ureteropelvic junction obstruction - a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Background: Multiple surgical treatment options are available for the treatment of ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO). The aim of this study is to compare the most frequently used technics in a comprehensive network approach.

Methods: A systematic literature search of the EMBASE, MEDLINE and COCHRANE libraries was conducted in January 2018.