Performance of an automated deep learning algorithm to identify hepatic steatosis within noncontrast computed tomography scans among people with and without HIV.

Purpose: Hepatic steatosis (fatty liver disease) affects 25% of the world's population, particularly people with HIV (PWH). Pharmacoepidemiologic studies to identify medications associated with steatosis have not been conducted because methods to evaluate liver fat within digitized images have not been developed. We determined the accuracy of a deep learning algorithm (automatic liver attenuation region-of-interest-based measurement [ALARM]) to identify steatosis within clinically obtained noncontrast abdominal CT images compared to manual radiologist review and evaluated its performance by HIV status.

Accuracy of Resident-Performed Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound Examinations Versus Chest Radiography in Pneumothorax Follow-up After Tube Thoracostomy in Rwanda.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and timeliness of resident-performed point-of-care lung ultrasound (LUS) examinations for the follow-up of pneumothorax (PTX) after tube thoracostomy.

Methods: After brief training, Rwandan surgical residents blinded to chest radiography (CXR) performed and interpreted LUS examinations for PTX in participants undergoing CXR for PTX follow-up. Treating clinicians interpreted CXR for the presence of PTX for therapeutic decisions.

Colorectal Cancer:: Imaging Conundrums.

Progressive technological advancements in imaging have significantly improved the preoperative sensitivity for the detection of very small foci of regionally- or hematogenously-metastatic colorectal cancer. Unfortunately, this information has not translated to continued linear gains in patient survival, and might even result in the false-positive upstaging of some cases: these are two conundrums in the imaging of colorectal cancer. Both conundrums might be resolved by the widespread use of real-time imaging guidance during operative procedures.

Improving Abnormality Detection on Chest Radiography Using Game-Like Reinforcement Mechanics.

Rationale And Objectives: Despite their increasing prevalence, online textbooks, question banks, and digital references focus primarily on explicit knowledge. Implicit skills such as abnormality detection require repeated practice on clinical service and have few digital substitutes. Using mechanics traditionally deployed in video games such as clearly defined goals, rapid-fire levels, and narrow time constraints may be an effective way to teach implicit skills.

Subchondral insufficiency fracture of the knee: A recognizable associated soft tissue edema pattern and a similar distribution among men and women.

Objective: Primary: to describe the presence and pattern of soft tissue edema in subchondral insufficiency fractures of the knee (SIFK). Secondary: to investigate the gender distribution and identify factors associated with disease progression.

Methods: MR images of 74 SIFKs in 74 patients were retrospectively reviewed for soft tissue edema presence and location, meniscal tears and extrusion and synovitis.

Tibial component considerations in bicruciate-retaining total knee arthroplasty: A 3D MRI evaluation of proximal tibial anatomy.

Background: Restoration of normal anatomy and proper ligament balance are theoretical prerequisites for reproducing physiological kinematics with bicruciate-retaining total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The purpose of this study was to use a 3D MRI technique to evaluate the topography of the proximal tibia and outline considerations in tibial component design for bicruciate-retaining TKA.

Methods: We identified 100 consecutive patients (50 males and 50 females) between ages 20 and 40 years with knee MRIs without arthritis, dysplasia, ACL tears, or prior knee surgery.

Utilization and reporting of bone densitometry: what can the musculoskeletal radiologist do to help, rather than to hurt?

Osteoporosis is a highly prevalent disease that predisposes patients to fragility fractures. These fractures carry serious risks, including increased mortality and the potential loss of functional independence. Effective treatments for osteoporosis are available, but these should be initiated before a fragility fracture actually occurs; to do so, osteoporosis must be diagnosed while it is still asymptomatic.

Comparison of diagnostic accuracy of plain film radiographs between original film and smartphone capture: a pilot study.

The use of mobile devices for medical image capture has become increasingly popular given the widespread use of smartphone cameras. Prior studies have generally compared mobile phone capture images to digitized images. However, many underserved and rural areas without picture archiving and communication systems (PACS) still depend greatly on the use of film radiographs.

Increased error rates in preliminary reports issued by radiology residents working more than 10 consecutive hours overnight.

Rationale And Objectives: To determine if the rate of major discrepancies between resident preliminary reports and faculty final reports increases during the final hours of consecutive 12-hour overnight call shifts.

Materials And Methods: Institutional review board exemption status was obtained for this study. All overnight radiology reports interpreted by residents on-call between January 2010 and June 2010 were reviewed by board-certified faculty and categorized as major discrepancies if they contained a change in interpretation with the potential to impact patient management or outcome.

Identifying benchmarks for discrepancy rates in preliminary interpretations provided by radiology trainees at an academic institution.

Purpose: At many academic medical centers, radiology house staff provide preliminary interpretations for imaging studies after hours, the accuracy and timely availability of which are crucial to patient care. Nevertheless, these preliminary interpretations are sometimes discrepant with finalized attending reports. The rate of such discrepancies can provide valuable information for quality improvement.

Rehabilitation of pediatric spinal cord injury: From acute medical care to rehabilitation and beyond.

Objective: Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) in the pediatric population is an uncommon but potentially devastating entity that may be unfamiliar to many practitioners. Because its treatment requires a long-term, well-planned, integrated approach, understanding the natural history, treatment, and common comorbidities of pediatric SCI is crucial for all physicians caring for these children. We present a review of the current literature on this topic to discuss the current standard of medical and rehabilitation care of pediatric SCI patients.

Giant jejunal ulcers after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

We describe the clinical and radiographic findings in two patients who developed giant, intractable ulcers in the jejunal Roux limb after gastric bypass surgery, most likely secondary to chronic jejunal ischemia. The diagnosis of such ulcers is important because of the need for aggressive medical or surgical treatment of these patients.

Chemoembolization and bland embolization of neuroendocrine tumor metastases to the liver.

Purpose: To assess the toxicity and efficacy of chemoembolization and bland embolization in patients with neuroendocrine tumor metastases to the liver.

Materials And Methods: A total of 67 patients underwent 219 embolization procedures: 23 patients received primarily bland embolization with PVA with or without iodized oil and 44 primarily received chemoembolization with cisplatin, doxorubicin, mitomycin-C, iodized oil, and polyvinyl alcohol. Clinical, laboratory, and imaging follow-up was performed 1 month after completion of therapy and every 3 months thereafter.