Historical overview of studies on inflammation in Russia.

Introduction: Historical overview of development investigations on inflammation in Russia up to date is presented.

Material And Methods: Analysis of modern Russian language literature (1950-2010) on history of medicine and researchers' activity on inflammation, as well as Russian language content of internet on this theme, was made. Many names of Russian researchers are still little known to the English-speaking Western readers.

Extracellular acidosis promotes neutrophil transdifferentiation to MHC class II-expressing cells.

Inflammation in peripheral tissues is usually associated with local acidosis. In the present study, we demonstrate that extracellular acidification enhances GM-CSF- and IFN-γ-induced expression of HLA-DR, CD80 and CD86 in human neutrophils (neutrophil transdifferentiation), and potentiates antigen-capturing capacities (both endocytosis and phagocytosis) of the transdifferentiated cells. Furthermore, in acidic conditions the transdifferentiated neutrophils have stronger antigen-presenting capacity, inducing more intense proliferation of autologous T lymphocytes in the presence of staphylococcal enterotoxin A.