Unusual causes of gastrointestinal bleeding in the intensive care unit through the radiology lens.

The great majority of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) for critical gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) will have a predictable etiology. Once the site is localized to the upper versus the lower gastrointestinal tract, the number of typically encountered etiological possibilities is quite limited. On rare occasions, the cause of GIB requiring ICU care is not one of the standard considerations, potentially leading to diagnostic and therapeutic delays.

Peripheral arterial occlusion due to COVID-19: CT angiography findings of nine patients.

Background: Reports have indicated an association of large vessel peripheral arterial occlusion in the setting of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). While prior investigations have mostly focused on venous or cerebral arterial occlusions, we examined patients presenting exclusively with peripheral arterial extremity occlusions to investigate for any predisposing factors in this subset of COVID-19 patients.

Materials And Methods: This is a retrospective study of COVID-19 patients with peripheral arterial occlusions presenting to a multi-hospital health care system in New York City between February 1st, 2020 and April 30th, 2020.

Prostate artery embolization has long term efficacy for treatment of severe lower urinary tract symptoms from giant prostatic hyperplasia.

Background: Patients with severe lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) from giant prostatic hyperplasia (GPH): prostate volume greater than 200 mL that do not respond to medical therapy may not be eligible for surgical treatments due to morbidities, technical challenges, and patient preference. This retrospective investigation examined the long-term efficacy and safety of prostatic arterial embolization (PAE) as a treatment option for severe LUTS due to GPH in a large patient cohort.

Methods: Of 529 patients who underwent PAE between January 2016 and January 2020, 72 patients had severe LUTS from GPH and were retrospectively evaluated.

Magnetic resonance enterography, colonoscopy, and fecal calprotectin correlate in colonic Crohn's disease.

Background: Fecal calprotectin (FCP), magnetic resonance enterography (MRE), and colonoscopy are complementary biometric tests that are used to assess patients with Crohn's Disease (CD). While prior studies have evaluated the association between combinations of these tests, no study has established a correlation between all three: FCP, MRE, and colonoscopy. We prospectively investigated if there is correlation between these three tests, which may result in improved clinical outcomes that can then be used to streamline patient monitoring and treatment modification.

Extrahepatic Vascular Parasitization by a Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common primary hepatic malignancy. For patients not amenable to surgical treatment, transarterial chemoembolization is a viable therapeutic alternative. Extrahepatic collateral arterial supply to the tumor may occur in a variety of scenarios and timely detection of this phenomenon is of fundamental importance to achieve optimal outcomes and response to treatment.

Gender Affirmation Surgery: A Primer on Imaging Correlates for the Radiologist.

The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of common gender affirmation surgical therapies, define key anatomy, and describe select complications using multidisciplinary, multimodality approaches. Gender affirmation therapy may be tailored to the needs of each individual patient. There are three major categories of gender affirmation surgery: genital reconstruction (comprising vaginoplasty and either metoidioplasty or phalloplasty), body contouring, and maxillofacial contouring (facial feminization or masculinization).

Radiologist's Primer on Imaging of Common Hereditary Cancer Syndromes.

Recent advances in pathology and genetics have improved our understanding of the pathogenesis of inherited and sporadic malignancies. Detailed studies of hereditary cancer syndromes-which contribute to 5%-10% of the overall cancer burden-have shed new light on the important role of genetic abnormalities in tumor metabolism, oncologic pathways, and clinicobiologic behavior. Many inherited cancer syndromes are characterized by development of pathognomonic histotypes of neoplasms in specific target organs.

Imaging of Uncommon Causes of Large-Bowel Obstruction.

Objective: The most common causes of large-bowel obstruction (LBO) are colon carcinoma and volvulus. Nevertheless, the increased frequency of the condition and widespread use of diagnostic imaging have revealed uncommon causes of LBO. We review the imaging features of the unusual causes of LBO on several imaging modalities, with particular emphasis on CT, along with the current literature.

Quantifying Language Before and After Instituting Structured CT Reports.

Aim: Our aim was to quantify the language in abdominopelvic CT reports before and after implementing structured reporting templates, specifically evaluating the terms normal and unremarkable.

Methods: We performed a search of our database for all CT abdomen and pelvis examinations before and after full template implementation. There were 1,753 studies included-878 "pretemplate" reports, 875 "posttemplate" reports.

MR Enterography of Inflammatory Bowel Disease with Endoscopic Correlation.

Crohn disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are the two main forms of idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). CD is a transmural chronic inflammatory disorder that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract in a discontinuous distribution. UC is a mucosal and submucosal chronic inflammatory disease that typically originates in the rectum and may extend proximally in a continuous manner.

Gastrointestinal Lymphoma: Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation.

Extranodal lymphoma is a heterogeneous group of hematologic neoplasms that can affect every abdominal organ, with distinctive pathologic, radiologic, and clinical features. The radiologic findings are closely related to the underlying pathophysiology, and an understanding of these characteristic features should facilitate recognition of extranodal lymphoma and its various subtypes. Within the abdomen, lymphoma is found most commonly in the gastrointestinal tract, especially the stomach.

Prostate cancer arising in ectopic prostatic tissue within the left seminal vesicle: a rare case diagnosed with multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance imaging-transrectal ultrasound fusion biopsy.

Background: Benign ectopia of prostatic glandular tissue in the seminal vesicles is rare with only three prior cases reported in the literature. Prostate cancer, arising within prostatic ectopia in the seminal vesicles, has never been described and therefore presents a challenge in both diagnosis and management.

Case Presentation: Herein, we report a rare case of prostatic adenocarcinoma in ectopic prostate tissue in the left seminal vesicle, without evidence of prostatic glandular involvement.