A Microfluidic and Numerical Analysis of Non-equilibrium Phase Behavior of Gas Condensates.

Conventional assumptions about multiphase flow in gas condensate reservoirs often do not correlate with field production. This discrepancy stems from the various mechanisms influencing the multiphase process, which are inadequately represented in numerical models. One of the least understood mechanisms is the influence of the non-equilibrium thermodynamics on the flow in the wellbore region, where the reservoir pressure is below the dew point pressure.

Ultrastable Fe-N-C Fuel Cell Electrocatalysts by Eliminating Non-Coordinating Nitrogen and Regulating Coordination Structures at High Temperatures.

Pyrolyzed Fe-N-C materials have attracted considerable interest as one of the most active noble-metal-free electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Despite significant progress is made in improving their catalytic activity during past decades, the Fe-N-C catalysts still suffer from fairly poor electrochemical and storage stability, which greatly hurdles their practical application. Here, an effective strategy is developed to greatly improve their catalytic stability in PEMFCs and storage stability by virtue of previously unexplored high-temperature synthetic chemistry between 1100 and 1200 °C.

Y chromosome haplotype distribution of brown bears (Ursus arctos) in Northern Europe provides insight into population history and recovery.

High-resolution, male-inherited Y-chromosomal markers are a useful tool for population genetic analyses of wildlife species, but to date have only been applied in this context to relatively few species besides humans. Using nine Y-chromosomal STRs and three Y-chromosomal single nucleotide polymorphism markers (Y-SNPs), we studied whether male gene flow was important for the recent recovery of the brown bear (Ursus arctos) in Northern Europe, where the species declined dramatically in numbers and geographical distribution during the last centuries but is expanding now. We found 36 haplotypes in 443 male extant brown bears from Sweden, Norway, Finland and northwestern Russia.