Anxious/depressed individuals exhibit disrupted frontotemporal synchrony during cognitive conflict encoding.

Anxiety and depressive disorders are associated with cognitive control deficits, yet their underlying neural mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we used high-resolution stereotactic EEG (sEEG) to determine how anxiety and/or depression modulates neural and behavioral responses when cognitive control is engaged in individuals with medically refractory epilepsy undergoing sEEG monitoring for surgical evaluation. We analyzed sEEG data recorded from frontotemporal regions of 29 participants (age range: 19-55, mean age: 35.

Defining fatigue from the experiences of patients living with chronic fatigue.

Introduction: Fatigue is a multidimensional, highly individualized symptom experience perceived by people, regardless of health status. It is the most common complaint among those seeking primary care, yet, despite being a frequently reported symptom, it remains poorly understood.

Methods: This is an exploratory study utilizing a qualitative descriptive approach that aims to explore the description of fatigue from the personal experiences of 16 participants living with chronic fatigue.

Patient-derived organoid biobank identifies epigenetic dysregulation of intestinal epithelial MHC-I as a novel mechanism in severe Crohn's Disease.

Objective: Epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation (DNAm), have been proposed to play a key role in Crohn's disease (CD) pathogenesis. However, the specific cell types and pathways affected as well as their potential impact on disease phenotype and outcome remain unknown. We set out to investigate the role of intestinal epithelial DNAm in CD pathogenesis.

Resident gut microbiota community determines the efficacy of soluble fiber in reducing adiposity.

Consumption of dietary fiber has been linked to several health benefits. Among these, dietary fiber breakdown through the process of anaerobic fermentation by the colonic microbiota leads to the production of beneficial metabolites, mainly short-chain fatty acids (acetate, propionate, and butyrate), which have been implicated in reduced calorie intake. Nevertheless, the link between gut microbiota and obesity remains unclear.

Fc N-glycosylation of autoreactive Aβ antibodies as a blood-based biomarker for Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: Naturally occurring autoantibodies (nAbs) against the pathologic isoform of amyloid beta (Aβ ) were found in body fluids and indicate a systemic B cell response that may prevent Alzheimer's disease (AD) onset. N-glycans attached to immunoglobulin G-Fab/Fc fragments are features that influence their mechanism of action. The aim was to study the role of N-glycans in nAbs-Aβ .

A Roadmap for the Human Gut Cell Atlas.

The number of studies investigating the human gastrointestinal tract using various single-cell profiling methods has increased substantially in the past few years. Although this increase provides a unique opportunity for the generation of the first comprehensive Human Gut Cell Atlas (HGCA), there remains a range of major challenges ahead. Above all, the ultimate success will largely depend on a structured and coordinated approach that aligns global efforts undertaken by a large number of research groups.

A single-cell comparison of adult and fetal human epicardium defines the age-associated changes in epicardial activity.

Re-activating quiescent adult epicardium represents a potential therapeutic approach for human cardiac regeneration. However, the exact molecular differences between inactive adult and active fetal epicardium are not known. In this study, we combined fetal and adult human hearts using single-cell and single-nuclei RNA sequencing and compared epicardial cells from both stages.

Erratum: Author Correction: A single-cell comparison of adult and fetal human epicardium defines the age-associated changes in epicardial activity.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/s44161-022-00183-w.].

Single-cell atlas of human liver development reveals pathways directing hepatic cell fates.

The liver has been studied extensively due to the broad number of diseases affecting its vital functions. However, therapeutic advances have been hampered by the lack of knowledge concerning human hepatic development. Here, we addressed this limitation by describing the developmental trajectories of different cell types that make up the human liver at single-cell resolution.

Neural mass model-based study of frontal-temporal theta oscillations in human subjects during the performance of a cognitive control task.

Cognitive control, the ability to rapidly shift one's attention and behavioral strategy in response to environmental changes, is often compromised across psychiatric disorders. One of the well-validated behavioral paradigms for tapping into the cognitive control circuits is a cognitive interference task, where subjects must suppress a natural response to follow a less intuitive rule. Slower response times on these tasks indicate difficulty exerting control to overcome response conflict.

Adding Tree Rings to North America's National Forest Inventories: An Essential Tool to Guide Drawdown of Atmospheric CO2.

Tree-ring time series provide long-term, annually resolved information on the growth of trees. When sampled in a systematic context, tree-ring data can be scaled to estimate the forest carbon capture and storage of landscapes, biomes, and-ultimately-the globe. A systematic effort to sample tree rings in national forest inventories would yield unprecedented temporal and spatial resolution of forest carbon dynamics and help resolve key scientific uncertainties, which we highlight in terms of evidence for forest greening (enhanced growth) versus browning (reduced growth, increased mortality).

Similar zooplankton responses to low pH and calcium may impair long-term recovery from acidification.

Throughout much of the 20th century, unprecedented industrial emissions have led to widespread acidification of regions in North America and Europe and, as lake water pH dropped, aquatic ecosystems have experienced dramatic declines in biodiversity. International emission-control agreements have led to sweeping increases in lake pH, however acid-structured zooplankton communities still persist in many lakes. Concomitantly, calcium concentrations have been declining as a legacy of acidification and are approaching or have reached concentrations that could represent a barrier to the re-establishment of zooplankton communities similar to those in non-acidified or circumneutral reference lakes.

Joint effects of climate, tree size, and year on annual tree growth derived from tree-ring records of ten globally distributed forests.

Tree rings provide an invaluable long-term record for understanding how climate and other drivers shape tree growth and forest productivity. However, conventional tree-ring analysis methods were not designed to simultaneously test effects of climate, tree size, and other drivers on individual growth. This has limited the potential to test ecologically relevant hypotheses on tree growth sensitivity to environmental drivers and their interactions with tree size.

Comparison of SARS-CoV-2- and HCoV-Specific T Cell Response Using IFN-γ ELISpot.

Herd immunity is essential to control severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), especially in immunocompromised patients. Convalescent individuals should be vaccinated later due to vaccine shortage, as studies show that neutralizing antibodies generated during infection are stable for at least 6 months. Cellular immunity is also detectable for months.

Obtaining purified human intestinal epithelia for single-cell analysis and organoid culture.

Here, we describe protocols for the preparation and dissociation of human fetal and pediatric intestinal tissue to a high-viability epithelial single-cell suspension. This epithelium-enriched single-cell suspension can then be used to generate single-cell RNA sequencing data as well as to create human intestinal organoids from both the fetal and pediatric intestine. Finally, this protocol details the dissociation of the intestinal organoids for use in single-cell analysis or passaging of organoids.

Magneto-Activation and Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Natural Killer Cells Labeled with Magnetic Nanocomplexes for the Treatment of Solid Tumors.

Natural killer (NK) cell-based immunotherapy has been considered a promising cell-based cancer treatment strategy with low side effects for early tumors and metastasis. However, the therapeutic efficacy is generally low in established solid tumors. activation of NK cells with exogenous cytokines is often essential but ineffective to generate high doses of functional NK cells for cancer treatment.

Human Cord Blood B Cells Differ from the Adult Counterpart by Conserved Ig Repertoires and Accelerated Response Dynamics.

Neonatal and infant immune responses are characterized by a limited capability to generate protective Ab titers and memory B cells as seen in adults. Multiple studies support an immature or even impaired character of umbilical cord blood (UCB) B cells themselves. In this study, we provide a comprehensive molecular and functional comparison of B cell subsets from UCB and adult peripheral blood.

Early mobilization vs delayed mobilisation following the use of a volar locking plate with non-vascularized bone graft in scaphoid non-union. A multicentred randomised controlled-trial.

Purpose: This randomized clinical trial investigated the potential for early mobilization of the wrist following open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) with a scaphoid specific volar locking plate and non-vascularized bone graft for scaphoid non-union.

Methods: 16 patients with scaphoid non-union underwent internal fixation with a scaphoid-specific volar locking plate and iliac crest bone graft and were randomized to one of two treatment arms (A) The control were immobilized in a below elbow cast for 6 weeks (n = 9) and (B) The experimental arm were mobilized early with a removable wrist splint (n = 7). Outcomes were measured preoperatively, and at 3 months post operatively.

Arabidopsis bZIP19 and bZIP23 act as zinc sensors to control plant zinc status.

Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient for plants and animals owing to its structural and catalytic roles in many proteins. Zn deficiency affects around 2 billion people, mainly those who live on plant-based diets relying on crops from Zn-deficient soils. Plants maintain adequate Zn levels through tightly regulated Zn homeostasis mechanisms involving Zn uptake, distribution and storage, but evidence of how they sense Zn status is lacking.

Climate sensitivity of understory trees differs from overstory trees in temperate mesic forests.

The response of understory trees to climate variability is key to understanding current and future forest dynamics. However, analyses of climatic effects on tree growth have primarily focused on the upper canopy, leaving understory dynamics unresolved. We analyzed differences in climate sensitivity based on canopy position of four common tree species (Acer rubrum, Fagus grandifolia, Quercus rubra, and Tsuga canadensis) using growth information from 1,084 trees across eight sites in the northeastern United States.