Correction: Simulated prism exposure in immersed virtual reality produces larger prismatic after-effects than standard prism exposure in healthy subjects.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Systematic 1 Hz direct electrical stimulation for seizure induction: A reliable method for localizing seizure onset zone and predicting seizure freedom.

Objective: To prospectively investigate the utility of seizure induction using systematic 1 Hz stimulation by exploring its concordance with the spontaneous seizure onset zone (SOZ) and relation to surgical outcome; comparison with seizures induced by non-systematic 50 Hz stimulation was attempted as well.

Methods: Prospective cohort study from 2018 to 2021 with ≥ 1 y post-surgery follow up at Yale New Haven Hospital. With 1 Hz, all or most of the gray matter contacts were stimulated at 1, 5, and 10 mA for 30-60s.

Synthesis of the Indolizidine Core of Virosinine A via a Microwave-Promoted Cascade Cyclization Involving Iminyl Radicals.

The indolizidine core of virosinine A was synthesized by means of a microwave-promoted cascade reaction featuring 5-- iminyl radical cyclization, thiyl radical elimination, and intramolecular imine alkylation. The resulting bicyclic iminium ion underwent stereoselective reduction by Red-Al to deliver the target compound. DFT calculations suggested that both the radical cyclization and thiyl radical elimination steps are reversible at high reaction temperatures.

Combined surgical repair and venous sinus stenting for patients with skull base encephaloceles secondary to dural venous sinus stenosis.

Background: Chronically elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) seen in idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) can cause the development of skull base encephaloceles and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks. Surgical repair and ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) placement are mainstays of treatment. Venous sinus stenting (VSS) is a newly accepted treatment modality.

Responsive neurostimulation as a treatment for super-refractory focal status epilepticus: a systematic review and case series.

Objective: Super-refractory status epilepticus (SRSE) has high rates of morbidity and mortality. Few published studies have investigated neurostimulation treatment options in the setting of SRSE. This systematic literature review and series of 10 cases investigated the safety and efficacy of implanting and activating the responsive neurostimulation (RNS) system acutely during SRSE and discusses the rationale for lead placement and selection of stimulation parameters.

A multidisciplinary management algorithm for brain metastases.

The incidence of brain metastases continues to present a management issue despite the advent of improved systemic control and overall survival. While the management of oligometastatic disease (ie, 1-4 brain metastases) with surgery and radiation has become fairly straightforward in the era of radiosurgery, the management of patients with multiple metastatic brain lesions can be challenging. Here we review the available evidence and provide a multidisciplinary management algorithm for brain metastases that incorporates the latest advances in surgery, radiation therapy, and systemic therapy while taking into account the latest in precision medicine-guided therapies.

Flow diversion for cerebral aneurysms.

The treatment of cerebral aneurysms includes open microsurgical options (e.g., clipping, trapping/bypass) and evolving endovascular techniques.

Qualitative head-to-head comparison of headlamp and microscope for visualizing 5-ALA fluorescence during resection of glioblastoma.

Fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) for high-grade gliomas using 5-aminolevulinic acid has become a new standard of care for neurosurgeons in several countries. In this video the authors present the case of a man with glioblastoma who underwent FGS in which similar images of the operative field were acquired alternating between the microscope and a new commercially available headlight, facilitating the comparison of visualization quality between the two devices. The authors also review some of the principles of fluorescence-guidance surgery that may explain the improved brightness and contrast that they observed when using the headlamp versus the microscope.

Fusiform Cerebral Aneurysm and Atrial Myxoma.

A 24-year-old woman presented with a seizure-like episode of left hemibody sensory loss. Magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance angiography revealed multiple distal fusiform cerebral aneurysms requiring angiographic evaluation and possible endovascular treatment. On preoperative workup, transthoracic echocardiography revealed a large, 4.

Intra-arterial chemotherapy for retinoblastoma.

Intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC) for retinoblastoma is a minimally invasive and chemotherapeutic approach resulting in eye salvage and vision restoration or preservation. Moreover, IAC has proven to effectively treat advanced retinoblastoma while not compromising patient survival. Our institutional experience with IAC for retinoblastoma has included over 500 patients and over 2400 intra-arterial infusions.

Multidisciplinary management of carotid body tumors: a single-institution case series of 22 patients.

Objective: Carotid body tumors (CBTs) are rare, slow-growing neoplasms derived from the parasympathetic paraganglia of the carotid bodies. Although inherently vascular lesions, the role of preoperative embolization prior to resection remains controversial. In this report, the authors describe an institutional series of patients with CBT successfully treated via resection following preoperative embolization and compare the results in this series to previously reported outcomes in the treatment of CBT.

Synthesis and evaluation of potent yaku'amide A analogs.

Two full-length analogs of the anticancer peptide yaku'amide A (1a) and four partial structures have been synthesized. These analogs were identified by computational studies in which the three - and -ΔIle residues of the natural product were replaced by the more accessible dehydroamino acids ΔVal and ΔEnv. Of the eight possible analogs, modeling showed that the targeted structures 2a and 2b most closely resembled the three-dimensional structure of 1a.

Characterization of Hemorrhagic and Ischemic Stroke in a Diverse Cohort of COVID-19 Patients.

Background And Purpose: COVID-19 is a known risk factor for stroke. There is limited data on the influence of demographics, risk factors, and hematologic function on outcomes in COVID-19 stroke patients.

Methods: All patients with acute ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke tested for COVID-19 and treated from March 13 through May 19, 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.

Perioperative prophylactic middle meningeal artery embolization for chronic subdural hematoma: a series of 44 cases.

Objective: Chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) is a common and challenging pathology to treat due to both the historically high recurrence rate following surgical evacuation and the medical comorbidities inherent in the aging patient population that it primarily affects. Middle meningeal artery (MMA) embolization has shown promise in the treatment of cSDHs, most convincingly to avoid surgical evacuation in relatively asymptomatic patients. Symptomatic patients requiring surgical evacuation may also benefit from perioperative MMA embolization to prevent cSDH recurrence.

Convergent Total Synthesis of Yaku'amide A.

Total synthesis of the anticancer peptide natural product yaku'amide A is reported. Its β-tert-hydroxy amino acids were prepared by regioselective aminohydroxylation involving a chiral mesyloxycarbamate reagent. Stereospecific construction of the E- and Z-ΔIle residues was accomplished through a one-pot reaction featuring anti dehydration, azide reduction, and O→N acyl transfer.

Repeat convection-enhanced delivery for diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma.

Objective: While the safety and efficacy of convection-enhanced delivery (CED) have been studied in patients receiving single-dose drug infusions, agents for oncological therapy may require repeated or chronic infusions to maintain therapeutic drug concentrations. Repeat and chronic CED infusions have rarely been described for oncological purposes. Currently available CED devices are not approved for extended indwelling use, and the only potential at this time is for sequential treatments through multiple procedures.

Single arm access venous sinus stenting (SAVeS) technique: Technical note.

Intracranial venous sinus stenting is gaining acceptance as an effective treatment for idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). The typical approach is via femoral venous and arterial access for transvenous stenting with simultaneous angiography. These patients are at an above average risk for groin complications considering obesity is typically associated with IIH and the need for heparinization and dual antiplatelet therapy.

Full Recovery From Cocaine-Induced Toxic Leukoencephalopathy: Emphasizing the Role of Neuroinflammation and Brain Edema.

Toxic leukoencephalopathy (TL) is characterized by white matter disease on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and evidence of exposure to a neurotoxic agent. We describe a case of cocaine-induced TL in which extensive white matter disease did not preclude full recovery. A 57-year-old man with substance abuse disorder presented with a 5-day history of strange behavior.

Simulated prism exposure in immersed virtual reality produces larger prismatic after-effects than standard prism exposure in healthy subjects.

Previous studies have shown that the size of the leftward bias after exposure to rightward prism-deviation (the prismatic after-effect) depends on the degree of rightward prism-deviation as well as the type of visual feedback receives during exposure to prism-deviation. In this study, we tested if it was possible to obtain a leftward bias in pointing precision using two different methods of creating diverted visual input by simulating a rightward prism diversion of visual input in immersive virtual reality. We compared the results to the leftward bias in pointing precision obtained after exposure to standard prism goggles deviating visual input 10 degrees to the right.

The Long Noncoding RNA Pnky Is a Trans-acting Regulator of Cortical Development In Vivo.

While it is now appreciated that certain long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have important functions in cell biology, relatively few have been shown to regulate development in vivo, particularly with genetic strategies that establish cis versus trans mechanisms. Pnky is a nuclear-enriched lncRNA that is transcribed divergently from the neighboring proneural transcription factor Pou3f2. Here, we show that conditional deletion of Pnky from the developing cortex regulates the production of projection neurons from neural stem cells (NSCs) in a cell-autonomous manner, altering postnatal cortical lamination.

Dexamethasone as Abortive Treatment for Refractory Seizures or Status Epilepticus in the Inpatient Setting.

Refractory seizures or status epilepticus (RS/SE) continues to be a challenge in the inpatient setting. Failure to abort a seizure with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) may lead to intubation and treatment with general anesthesia exposing patients to complications, extending hospitalization, and increasing the cost of care. Studies have shown a key role of inflammatory mediators in seizure generation and termination.

Molecular Pathogenesis and Emerging Treatment for Glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma is the most common primary malignant brain tumor, with more than10,000 new cases each year in the United States. Significant basic science and clinical research has been devoted to understanding this disease, yet median survival with standard of care treatment remains approximately 15 months. Over the past decade, advances in genomic sequencing technology, biostatistics, and computing have allowed for an unprecedented ability to profile the gene expression patterns and mutations driving the formation of tumors.